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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 10
Section 2 of 882
Canonical reference 1.1.10
Ancient Greek
διὰ γὰρ τοῦτο τῆς αὐτῆς οὔσης μεθόδου περὶ τὰ δημηγορικὰ καὶ δικανικά, καὶ καλλίονος καὶ πολιτικωτέρας τῆς δημηγορικῆς πραγματείας οὔσης ἢ τῆς περὶ τὰ συναλλάγματα, περὶ μὲν ἐκείνης οὐδὲν λέγουσι, περὶ δὲ τοῦ δικάζεσθαι πάντες πειρῶνται τεχνολογεῖν, ὅτι ἧττόν ἐστι πρὸ ἔργου τὰ ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος λέγειν ἐν τοῖς δημηγορικοῖς καὶ ἧττόν ἐστι κακοῦργον ἡ δημηγορία δικολογίας, ὅτι κοινότερον. ἐνταῦθα μὲν γὰρ ὁ κριτὴς περὶ οἰκείων κρίνει, ὥστʼ οὐδὲν ἄλλο δεῖ πλὴν ἀποδεῖξαι ὅτι οὕτως ἔχει ὥς φησιν ὁ συμβουλεύων· ἐν δὲ τοῖς δικανικοῖς οὐχ ἱκανὸν τοῦτο, ἀλλὰ πρὸ ἔργου ἐστὶν ἀναλαβεῖν τὸν ἀκροατήν· περὶ ἀλλοτρίων γὰρ ἡ κρίσις, ὥστε πρὸς τὸ αὑτῶν σκοπούμενοι καὶ πρὸς χάριν ἀκροώμενοι διδόασι τοῖς ἀμφισβητοῦσιν, ἀλλʼ οὐ κρίνουσιν. διὸ καὶ πολλαχοῦ, ὥσπερ πρότερον εἶπον, ὁ νόμος κωλύει λέγειν ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος· ἐκεῖ δʼ αὐτοὶ οἱ κριταὶ τοῦτο τηροῦσιν ἱκανῶς.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
Hence, although the method of deliberative and forensic Rhetoric is the same, and although the pursuit of the former is nobler and more worthy of a statesman than that of the latter, which is limited to transactions between private citizens, they say nothing about the former, but without exception endeavor to bring forensic speaking under the rules of art. The reason of this is that in public speaking it is less worth while to talk of what is outside the subject, and that deliberative oratory lends itself to trickery less than forensic, because it is of more general interest. For in the assembly the judges decide upon their own affairs, so that the only thing necessary is to prove the truth of the statement of one who recommends a measure, but in the law courts this is not sufficient; there it is useful to win over the hearers, for the decision concerns other interests than those of the judges, who, having only themselves to consider and listening merely for their own pleasure, surrender to the pleaders but do not give a real decision. That is why, as I have said before, in many places the law prohibits speaking outside the subject in the law courts, whereas in the assembly the judges themselves take adequate precautions against this.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Ainsi, bien que la méthode de la Rhétorique délibérative et celle de la Rhétorique judiciaire soient identiques, et bien que la pratique de la première soit plus noble et plus digne d'un homme d'État que celle de la seconde, qui se limite aux affaires entre particuliers, ils ne disent rien de la première, mais s'efforcent tous sans exception de soumettre l'éloquence judiciaire aux règles de l'art. La raison en est que, dans les discours publics, il est moins utile de parler hors du sujet, et que l'éloquence délibérative se prête moins à la tromperie que l'éloquence judiciaire, parce qu'elle intéresse davantage la communauté. Dans l'assemblée, en effet, les juges statuent sur leurs propres affaires, de sorte qu'il suffit de prouver la vérité de ce qu'affirme celui qui recommande une mesure. Mais, devant les tribunaux, cela ne suffit pas. Il est alors utile de gagner les auditeurs à sa cause, car la décision concerne d'autres intérêts que ceux des juges. Ceux-ci, n'ayant à considérer qu'eux-mêmes et n'écoutant que pour leur propre plaisir, se livrent aux plaideurs, mais ne rendent pas véritablement une décision. Voilà pourquoi, comme je l'ai dit auparavant, la loi interdit en de nombreux lieux de parler hors du sujet devant les tribunaux, tandis que, dans l'assemblée, les juges eux-mêmes prennent suffisamment de précautions contre cet abus.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Education
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Family
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Fear
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Judgment
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Justice
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Law
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Necessity
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Pleasure
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Truth
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