Potentially copyrighted passage
By consulting this text, you confirm that you may use it for personal and educational purposes. Do not reproduce its content. If the book helps you, buy it to support the author or rights holders.
Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 8
Section 32 of 882
Canonical reference 1.10.8
Ancient Greek
ἔστιν δʼ ἡ μὲν βούλησις ἀγαθοῦ ὄρεξις (οὐδεὶς γὰρ βούλεται ἀλλʼ ἢ ὅταν οἰηθῇ εἶναι ἀγαθόν), ἄλογοι δʼ ὀρέξεις ὀργὴ καὶ ἐπιθυμία· ὥστε πάντα ὅσα πράττουσιν ἀνάγκη πράττειν διʼ αἰτίας ἑπτά, διὰ τύχην, διὰ φύσιν, διὰ βίαν, διʼ ἔθος, διὰ λογισμόν, διὰ θυμόν, διʼ ἐπιθυμίαν.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
Now wish is a [rational] longing for good, for no one wishes for anything unless he thinks it is good; irrational longings are anger and desire. Thus all the actions of men must necessarily be referred to seven causes: chance, nature, compulsion, habit, reason, anger, and desire.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Or, le souhait est un désir [rationnel] du bien, car nul ne souhaite une chose sans penser qu'elle est bonne; les désirs irrationnels sont la colère et le désir. Ainsi, toutes les actions humaines doivent nécessairement être rapportées à sept causes: le hasard, la nature, la contrainte, l'habitude, la raison, la colère et le désir.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
View detailed page
Filter the library
Desire
View detailed page
Filter the library
Family
View detailed page
Filter the library
Fear
View detailed page
Filter the library
Fortune
View detailed page
Filter the library
Justice
View detailed page
Filter the library
Nature
View detailed page
Filter the library
Reason
View detailed page
Filter the library
Rhetoric
View detailed page
Filter the library