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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 8
Section 177 of 882
Canonical reference 1.2.8
Ancient Greek
περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτῶν, καὶ πῶς ἔχουσι πρὸς ἀλλήλας, εἴρηται σχεδὸν ἱκανῶς· τῶν δὲ διὰ τοῦ δεικνύναι ἢ φαίνεσθαι δεικνύναι, καθάπερ καὶ ἐν τοῖς διαλεκτικοῖς τὸ μὲν ἐπαγωγή ἐστιν, τὸ δὲ συλλογισμός, τὸ δὲ φαινόμενος συλλογισμός, καὶ ἐνταῦθα ὁμοίως· ἔστιν γὰρ τὸ μὲν παράδειγμα ἐπαγωγή, τὸ δʼ ἐνθύμημα συλλογισμός, τὸ δὲ φαινόμενον ἐνθύμημα φαινόμενος συλλογισμός. καλῶ δʼ ἐνθύμημα μὲν ῥητορικὸν συλλογισμόν, παράδειγμα δὲ ἐπαγωγὴν ῥητορικήν. πάντες δὲ τὰς πίστεις ποιοῦνται διὰ τοῦ δεικνύναι ἢ παραδείγματα λέγοντες ἢ ἐνθυμήματα, καὶ παρὰ ταῦτα οὐδέν· ὥστʼ εἴπερ καὶ ὅλως ἀνάγκη ἢ συλλογιζόμενον ἢ ἐπάγοντα δεικνύναι ὁτιοῦν ἢ ὁντινοῦν (δῆλον δʼ ἡμῖν τοῦτο ἐκ τῶν Ἀναλυτικῶν), ἀναγκαῖον ἑκάτερον αὐτῶν ἑκατέρῳ τούτων τὸ αὐτὸ εἶναι.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
But for purposes of demonstration, real or apparent, just as Dialectic possesses two modes of argument, induction and the syllogism, real or apparent, the same is the case in Rhetoric; for the example is induction, and the enthymeme a syllogism, and the apparent enthymeme an apparent syllogism. Accordingly I call an enthymeme a rhetorical syllogism, and an example rhetorical induction. Now all orators produce belief by employing as proofs either examples or enthymemes and nothing else; so that if, generally speaking, it is necessary to prove any fact whatever either by syllogism or by induction - and that this is so is clear from the Analytics - each of the two former must be identical with each of the two latter.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Mais pour ce qui est de la démonstration, réelle ou apparente, de même que la Dialectique possède deux modes d’argumentation, l’induction et le syllogisme, réels ou apparents, il en va de même pour la Rhétorique. Car l’exemple est une induction, l’enthymème un syllogisme et l’enthymème apparent un syllogisme apparent. J’appelle donc l’enthymème un syllogisme rhétorique, et l’exemple une induction rhétorique. Or tous les orateurs produisent la conviction en employant comme preuves soit des exemples, soit des enthymèmes, et rien d’autre. De sorte que si, en général, il est nécessaire de prouver un fait quelconque soit par syllogisme, soit par induction, comme cela ressort clairement des Analytiques, chacun des deux premiers doit être identique à chacun des deux derniers.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Dialectic
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Education
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Fear
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Justice
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Mode
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Necessity
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Roles and relationships
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