Potentially copyrighted passage By consulting this text, you confirm that you may use it for personal and educational purposes. Do not reproduce its content. If the book helps you, buy it to support the author or rights holders.

Aristotle

Rhetoric Section 6

Section 184 of 882

Canonical reference 1.3.6

Ancient Greek

σημεῖον δʼ ὅτι τὸ εἰρημένον ἑκάστοις τέλος· περὶ μὲν γὰρ τῶν ἄλλων ἐνίοτε οὐκ ἂν ἀμφισβητήσαιεν, οἷον ὁ δικαζόμενος ὡς οὐ γέγονεν ἢ οὐκ ἔβλαψεν· ὅτι δʼ ἀδικεῖ οὐδέποτʼ ἂν ὁμολογήσειεν· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἂν ἔδει δίκης. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ οἱ συμβουλεύοντες τὰ μὲν ἄλλα πολλάκις προΐενται, ὡς δὲ ἀσύμφορα συμβουλεύουσιν ἢ ἀπʼ ὠφελίμων ἀποτρέπουσιν οὐκ ἂν ὁμολογήσαιεν· ὡς δʼ οὐκ ἄδικον τοὺς ἀστυγείτονας καταδουλοῦσθαι καὶ τοὺς μηδὲν ἀδικοῦντας, πολλάκις οὐδὲν φροντίζουσιν. ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ οἱ ἐπαινοῦντες καὶ οἱ ψέγοντες οὐ σκοποῦσιν εἰ συμφέροντα ἔπραξεν ἢ βλαβερά, ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐν ἐπαίνῳ πολλάκις τιθέασιν ὅτι ὀλιγωρήσας τοῦ αὑτῷ λυσιτελοῦντος ἔπραξεν ὅ τι καλόν, οἷον Ἀχιλλέα ἐπαινοῦσιν ὅτι ἐβοήθησε τῷ ἑταίρῳ Πατρόκλῳ εἰδὼς ὅτι δεῖ αὐτὸν ἀποθανεῖν ἐξὸν ζῆν. τούτῳ δὲ ὁ μὲν τοιοῦτος θάνατος κάλλιον, τὸ δὲ ζῆν συμφέρον.

English

J. H. Freese, 1926

A sign that what I have stated is the end which each has in view is the fact that sometimes the speakers will not dispute about the other points. For example, a man on trial does not always deny that an act has been committed or damage inflicted by him, but he will never admit that the act is unjust; for otherwise a trial would be unnecessary. Similarly, the deliberative orator, although he often sacrifices everything else, will never admit that he is recommending what is inexpedient or is dissuading from what is useful; but often he is quite indifferent about showing that the enslavement of neighboring peoples, even if they have done no harm, is not an act of injustice. Similarly, those who praise or blame do not consider whether a man has done what is expedient or harmful, but frequently make it a matter for praise that, disregarding his own interest, he performed some deed of honor. For example, they praise Achilles because he went to the aid of his comrade Patroclus, knowing that he was fated to die, although he might have lived. To him such a death was more honorable, although life was more expedient.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Un signe que ce que j’ai indiqué constitue la fin visée par chacun est que, parfois, les orateurs ne contestent pas les autres points. Par exemple, un homme traduit en justice ne nie pas toujours avoir commis un acte ou causé un dommage, mais il n’admettra jamais que l’acte est injuste; autrement, un procès serait inutile. De même, l’orateur délibératif, bien qu’il sacrifie souvent toute autre considération, n’admettra jamais qu’il recommande ce qui est nuisible ou dissuade de ce qui est utile. Mais souvent il ne se soucie nullement de montrer que réduire en esclavage les peuples voisins, même s’ils n’ont causé aucun tort, n’est pas un acte d’injustice. De même, ceux qui louent ou blâment ne considèrent pas si un homme a fait ce qui est utile ou nuisible, mais ils font souvent un motif d’éloge du fait que, négligeant son propre intérêt, il a accompli quelque action honorable. Par exemple, ils louent Achille parce qu’il vint au secours de son compagnon Patrocle, sachant qu’il était voué à la mort, alors qu’il aurait pu vivre. Pour lui, une telle mort était plus honorable, quoique la vie fût plus utile.

Concepts in this passage

Before reading

What you will learn

Open the full record