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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 12
Section 252 of 882
Canonical reference 1.7.12
Ancient Greek
κἂν ᾖ ἀρχή, τὸ δὲ μὴ ἀρχή, κἂν ᾖ αἴτιον, τὸ δʼ οὐκ αἴτιον, διὰ τὸ αὐτό· ἄνευ γὰρ αἰτίου καὶ ἀρχῆς ἀδύνατον εἶναι ἢ γενέσθαι. καὶ δυοῖν ἀρχαῖν τὸ ἀπὸ τῆς μείζονος ἀρχῆς μεῖζον, καὶ δυοῖν αἰτίοιν τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ μείζονος αἰτίου μεῖζον. καὶ ἀνάπαλιν δὲ δυοῖν ἀρχαῖν ἡ τοῦ μείζονος ἀρχὴ μείζων, καὶ δυοῖν αἰτίοιν τὸ τοῦ μείζονος αἴτιον μεῖζον.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
And if one thing is a first principle, and another not; if one thing is a cause and another not, for the same reason; for without cause or first principle nothing can exist or come into existence. And if there are two first principles or two causes, that which results from the greater is greater; and conversely, when there are two first principles or two causes, that which is the first cause or principle of the greater is greater.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Et si une chose est un principe premier, tandis qu’une autre ne l’est pas ; si l’une est une cause, tandis que l’autre ne l’est pas, il en va de même, et pour la même raison, car sans cause ni principe premier rien ne peut exister ni venir à l’existence. Et s’il y a deux principes premiers ou deux causes, ce qui résulte du plus grand principe ou de la plus grande cause est plus grand ; inversement, lorsqu’il y a deux principes premiers ou deux causes, la cause ou le principe premier de la chose la plus grande est plus grand.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Family
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Fear
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Justice
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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