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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 10
Section 447 of 882
Canonical reference 2.2.10
Ancient Greek
διὸ κάμνοντες, πενόμενοι, πολεμοῦντες, ἐρῶντες, διψῶντες, ὅλως ἐπιθυμοῦντες καὶ μὴ κατορθοῦντες ὀργίλοι εἰσὶ καὶ εὐπαρόρμητοι, μάλιστα μὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοῦ παρόντος ὀλιγωροῦντας, οἷον κάμνων μὲν τοῖς πρὸς τὴν νόσον, πενόμενος δὲ τοῖς πρὸς τὴν πενίαν, πολεμῶν δὲ τοῖς πρὸς τὸν πόλεμον, ἐρῶν δὲ τοῖς πρὸς τὸν ἔρωτα, ὁμοίως δὲ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις εἰ δὲ μή, κἂν ὁτιοῦν ἄλλο ὀλιγωρῇ τις · προοδοποιεῖται γὰρ ἕκαστος πρὸς τὴν ἑκάστου ὀργὴν ὑπὸ τοῦ ὑπάρχοντος πάθους· ἔτι δʼ ἐὰν τἀναντία τύχῃ προσδεχόμενος·
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
Wherefore the sick, the necessitous, [those at war], the lovesick, the thirsty, in a word, all who desire something and cannot obtain it, are prone to anger and easily excited, especially against those who make light of their present condition; for instance, the sick man is easily provoked in regard to his illness, the necessitous in regard to his poverty, the warrior in regard to warlike affairs, the lover in regard to love affairs, and so with all the rest; for the passion present in his mind in each case paves the way for his anger.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
C’est pourquoi les malades, les nécessiteux, [ceux qui sont en guerre], ceux qui souffrent d’amour, ceux qui ont soif, en un mot tous ceux qui désirent quelque chose et ne peuvent l’obtenir, sont enclins à la colère et s’emportent facilement, surtout contre ceux qui traitent à la légère leur état présent ; par exemple, le malade s’irrite facilement à propos de sa maladie, le nécessiteux à propos de sa pauvreté, le guerrier à propos des affaires militaires, l’amoureux à propos des affaires d’amour, et ainsi de tous les autres ; car la passion présente dans son esprit, en chaque cas, prépare la voie à sa colère.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Desire
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Fear
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Fortune
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Justice
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Love
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Philosophical eros
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Suffering
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War and peace
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