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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 11
Section 484 of 882
Canonical reference 2.21.11
Ancient Greek
χρῆσθαι δὲ δεῖ καὶ ταῖς τεθρυλημέναις καὶ κοιναῖς γνώμαις, ἐὰν ὦσι χρήσιμοι· διὰ γὰρ τὸ εἶναι κοιναί, ὡς ὁμολογούντων πάντων, ὀρθῶς ἔχειν δοκοῦσιν, οἷον παρακαλοῦντι ἐπὶ τὸ κινδυνεύειν μὴ θυσαμένους εἷς οἰωνὸς ἄριστος ἀμύνεσθαι περὶ πάτρης, Hom. Il. 12.243 καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἥττους ὄντας ξυνὸς Ἐνυάλιος, Hom. Il. 18.309 καὶ ἐπὶ τὸ ἀναιρεῖν τῶν ἐχθρῶν τὰ τέκνα καὶ μηδὲν ἀδικοῦντα νήπιος ὃς πατέρα κτείνας παῖδας καταλείπει.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
One should even make use of common and frequently quoted maxims, if they are useful; for because they are common, they seem to be true, since all as it were acknowledge them as such; for instance, one who is exhorting his soldiers to brave danger before having sacrificed may say, The best of omens is to defend one's country, and if they are inferior in numbers, The chances of war are the same for both, and if advising them to destroy the children of the enemy even though they are innocent of wrong, Foolish is he who, having slain the father, suffers the children to live.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Il faut même employer les maximes communes et fréquemment citées, si elles sont utiles ; car, précisément parce qu’elles sont communes, elles semblent vraies, puisque tous les hommes les reconnaissent pour ainsi dire comme telles ; par exemple, celui qui exhorte ses soldats à affronter courageusement le danger avant d’avoir sacrifié peut dire : Le meilleur des présages est de défendre sa patrie ; et, s’ils sont inférieurs en nombre : Les chances de la guerre sont les mêmes pour les deux camps ; et, s’il leur conseille de tuer les enfants de l’ennemi, bien qu’ils soient innocents de toute faute : Insensé est celui qui, après avoir tué le père, laisse vivre les enfants.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Education
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Ether and field
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Family
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Fear
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Roles and relationships
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Sin
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War and peace
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Worship
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