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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 15
Section 581 of 882
Canonical reference 2.3.15
Ancient Greek
καὶ ἐὰν ἀδικεῖν οἴωνται αὐτοὶ καὶ δικαίως πάσχειν, οὐ γίγνεται ἡ ὀργὴ πρὸς τὸ δίκαιον· οὐ γὰρ ἔτι παρὰ τὸ προσῆκον νομίζουσι πάσχειν, ἡ δʼ ὀργὴ τοῦτο ἦν· διὸ δεῖ τῷ λόγῳ προκολάζειν· ἀγανακτοῦσιν γὰρ ἧττον κολαζόμενοι καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
And if they think that they themselves are wrong and deserve what they suffer, for anger is not aroused against what is just; they no longer think that they are being treated otherwise than they should be, which, as we have said, is the essence of anger. Wherefore we should inflict a preliminary verbal chastisement, for even slaves are less indignant at punishment of this kind.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Ils s’adoucissent encore s’ils pensent avoir eux-mêmes tort et mériter ce qu’ils souffrent, car la colère ne s’éveille pas contre ce qui est juste. Ils ne pensent plus alors être traités autrement qu’ils ne devraient l’être, ce qui, comme nous l’avons dit, constitue l’essence de la colère. C’est pourquoi il faut commencer par infliger une réprimande verbale, car même les esclaves s’indignent moins d’un châtiment de cette sorte.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Fear
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Justice
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Service
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Slavery
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