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Aristotle

Rhetoric Section 3

Section 666 of 882

Canonical reference 2.6.3

Ancient Greek

εἰ δή ἐστιν αἰσχύνη ἡ ὁρισθεῖσα, ἀνάγκη αἰσχύνεσθαι ἐπὶ τοῖς τοιούτοις τῶν κακῶν ὅσα αἰσχρὰ δοκεῖ εἶναι ἢ αὐτῷ ἢ ὧν φροντίζει· τοιαῦτα δʼ ἐστὶν ὅσα ἀπὸ κακίας ἔργα ἐστίν, οἷον τὸ ἀποβαλεῖν ἀσπίδα ἢ φυγεῖν· ἀπὸ δειλίας γάρ. καὶ τὸ ἀποστερῆσαι παρακαταθήκην ἢ ἀδικῆσαι · ἀπὸ ἀδικίας γάρ.

English

J. H. Freese, 1926

If this definition of shame is correct, it follows that we are ashamed of all such misdeeds as seem to be disgraceful, either for ourselves or for those whom we care for. Such are all those that are due to vice, such as throwing away one's shield or taking to flight, for this is due to cowardice; or withholding a deposit, for this is due to injustice.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Si cette définition de la honte est correcte, il s’ensuit que nous avons honte de toutes les mauvaises actions qui paraissent déshonorantes, soit pour nous-mêmes, soit pour ceux auxquels nous tenons. Telles sont toutes celles qui procèdent du vice, comme jeter son bouclier ou prendre la fuite, car cela procède de la lâcheté ; ou ne pas restituer un dépôt, car cela procède de l’injustice.

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