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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 14
Section 684 of 882
Canonical reference 2.8.14
Ancient Greek
ἐπεὶ δʼ ἐγγὺς φαινόμενα τὰ πάθη ἐλεεινά ἐστιν, τὰ δὲ μυριοστὸν ἔτος γενόμενα ἢ ἐσόμενα οὔτε ἐλπίζοντες οὔτε μεμνημένοι ἢ ὅλως οὐκ ἐλεοῦσιν ἢ οὐχ ὁμοίως, ἀνάγκη τοὺς συναπεργαζομένους σχήμασι καὶ φωναῖς καὶ ἐσθῆσι καὶ ὅλως ὑποκρίσει ἐλεεινοτέρους εἶναι (ἐγγὺς γὰρ ποιοῦσι φαίνεσθαι τὸκακόν, πρὸ ὀμμάτων ποιοῦντες ἢ ὡς μέλλοντα ἢ ὡς γεγονότα·
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
And since sufferings are pitiable when they appear close at hand, while those that are past or future, ten thousand years backwards or forwards, either do not excite pity at all or only in a less degree, because men neither expect the one nor remember the other, it follows that those who contribute to the effect by gestures, voice, dress, and dramatic action generally, are more pitiable; for they make the evil appear close at hand, setting it before our eyes as either future or past.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Et puisque les souffrances inspirent la pitié lorsqu’elles paraissent proches, tandis que celles qui appartiennent au passé ou à l’avenir, à dix mille ans en arrière ou en avant, n’éveillent aucune pitié ou l’éveillent à un moindre degré, parce que les hommes n’attendent pas les unes et ne se souviennent pas des autres, il s’ensuit que ceux qui renforcent l’effet par les gestes, la voix, le vêtement et, généralement, le jeu dramatique inspirent davantage la pitié. Ils font en effet paraître le mal tout proche, en le plaçant sous nos yeux comme futur ou passé.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Dukkha
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Fear
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Justice
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Memory
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Sin
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Suffering
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War and peace
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