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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 5
Section 739 of 882
Canonical reference 3.11.5
Ancient Greek
δεῖ δὲ μεταφέρειν, καθάπερ εἴρηται πρότερον, ἀπὸ οἰκείων καὶ μὴ φανερῶν, οἷον καὶ ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ τὸ ὅμοιον καὶ ἐν πολὺ διέχουσι θεωρεῖν εὐστόχου, ὥσπερ Ἀρχύτας ἔφη ταὐτὸν εἶναι διαιτητὴν καὶ βωμόν· ἐπʼ ἄμφω γὰρ τὸν ἀδικούμενον καταφεύγειν. ἢ εἴ τις φαίη ἄγκυραν καὶ κρεμάθραν τὸ αὐτὸ εἶναι· ἄμφω γὰρ ταὐτό τι, ἀλλὰ διαφέρει τῷ ἄνωθεν καὶ κάτωθεν. καὶ τὸ ἀνωμαλίσθαι τὰς πόλεις ἐν πολὺ διέχουσιν ταὐτό, ἐν ἐπιφανείᾳ καὶ δυνάμεσι τὸ ἴσον.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
As we have said before, metaphors should be drawn from objects which are proper to the object, but not too obvious; just as, for instance, in philosophy it needs sagacity to grasp the similarity in things that are apart. Thus Archytas said that there was no difference between an arbitrator and an altar, for the wronged betakes itself to one or the other. Similarly, if one were to say that an anchor and a pot-hook hung up were identical; for both are the same sort of thing, but they differ in this - that one is hung up above and the other below. And if one were to say the cities have been reduced to the same level, this amounts to the same in the case of things far apart - the equality of levelling in regard to superficies and resources.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Comme nous l’avons dit précédemment, les métaphores doivent être tirées d’objets qui conviennent à la chose, mais sans être trop évidents. De même, en philosophie, il faut de la sagacité pour saisir la similitude entre des choses éloignées. Ainsi Archytas disait qu’il n’y avait aucune différence entre un arbitre et un autel, car celui qui subit une injustice cherche refuge auprès de l’un ou de l’autre. De même, on pourrait dire qu’une ancre et une crémaillère suspendue sont identiques ; car elles sont toutes deux des choses du même genre, mais elles diffèrent en ceci que l’une est suspendue en haut et l’autre en bas. Et dire que les cités ont été ramenées au même niveau revient à établir la même identité entre des choses éloignées : l’égalité du nivellement appliquée aux surfaces et aux ressources.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Fear
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Friendship
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Justice
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Philosophical eros
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Political equality
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Wisdom
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