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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 8
Section 742 of 882
Canonical reference 3.11.8
Ancient Greek
ἐν ἅπασι δὲ τούτοις, ἐὰν προσηκόντως τὸ ὄνομα ἐνέγκῃ ὁμωνυμίᾳ ἢ μεταφορᾷ, τότε τὸ εὖ. οἷον Ἀνάσχετος οὐκ ἀνασχετός ὁμωνυμίᾳ ἀπέφησε, ἀλλὰ προσηκόντως, εἰ ἀηδής. καὶ οὐκ ἂν γένοιο μᾶλλον ἤ σε δεῖ ξένος· ξένος γὰρ οὐ μᾶλλον ἤ σε δεῖ τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ οὐ δεῖ τὸν ξένον ξένον ἀεὶ εἶναι · ἀλλότριον γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο. τὸ αὐτὸ καὶ τὸ Ἀναξανδρίδου τὸ ἐπαινούμενον, καλόν γʼ ἀποθανεῖν πρὶν θανάτου δρᾶν ἄξιον· Anaxandrides fr. 64 ταὐτὸ γάρ ἐστι τῷ εἰπεῖν ἄξιόν γʼ ἀποθανεῖν μὴ ὄντα ἄξιον ἀποθανεῖν , ἢ ἄξιόν γʼ ἀποθανεῖν μὴ θανάτου ἄξιον ὄντα , ἢ μὴ ποιοῦντα θανάτου ἄξια .
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
In all these cases, success is attained when a word is appropriately applied, either by homonym or by metaphor. For example, in the phrase Anaschetos (Bearable) is Unbearable, there is a contradiction of the homonym, which is only appropriate, if Anaschetus is an unbearable person. And, Thou shalt not be more of a stranger than a stranger, or not more than you should be, which is the same thing. And again, The stranger must not always be a stranger, for here too the word repeated is taken in a different sense. It is the same with the celebrated verse of Anaxandrides, It is noble to die before doing anything that deserves death; for this is the same as saying that it is worthy to die when one does not deserve to die, or, that it is worthy to die when one is not worthy of death, or, when one does nothing that is worthy of death.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Dans tous ces cas, la réussite est obtenue lorsqu’un mot est appliqué de manière appropriée, soit par homonymie, soit par métaphore. Par exemple, dans la formule Anaschétos (Supportable) est insupportable, il y a contradiction de l’homonyme, laquelle n’est appropriée que si Anaschétos est une personne insupportable. Et : Tu ne seras pas plus étranger qu’un étranger ; ou : pas plus que tu ne devrais l’être, ce qui revient au même. Et encore : L’étranger ne doit pas toujours être un étranger, car ici aussi le mot répété est pris dans un sens différent. Il en va de même du célèbre vers d’Anaxandride : Il est noble de mourir avant d’avoir rien fait qui mérite la mort. Cela revient à dire qu’il est digne de mourir lorsqu’on ne mérite pas de mourir, ou qu’il est digne de mourir lorsqu’on n’est pas digne de la mort, ou lorsqu’on ne fait rien qui soit digne de mort.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Death
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Family
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Fear
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Justice
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Justice and care for the vulnerable
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Service
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