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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 14
Section 793 of 882
Canonical reference 3.17.14
Ancient Greek
τὰ δὲ πρὸς τὸν ἀντίδικον οὐχ ἕτερόν τι εἶδος, ἀλλὰ τῶν πίστεών ἐστι τὸ τὰ μὲν λῦσαι ἐνστάσει τὰ δὲ συλλογισμῷ. δεῖ δὲ καὶ ἐν συμβουλῇ καὶ ἐν δίκῃ ἀρχόμενον μὲν λέγειν τὰς ἑαυτοῦ πίστεις πρότερον, ὕστερον δὲ πρὸς τἀναντία ἀπαντᾶν λύοντα καὶ προδιασύροντα. ἂν δὲ πολύχους ᾖ ἡ ἐναντίωσις, πρότερον τὰ ἐναντία, οἷον ἐποίησε Καλλίστρατος ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνιακῇ ἐκκλησίᾳ· ἃ γὰρ ἐροῦσι προανελὼν οὕτως τότε αὐτὸς εἶπεν.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
The refutation of the opponent is not a particular kind of proof; his arguments should be refuted partly by objection, partly by counter-syllogism. In both deliberative and forensic rhetoric he who speaks first should state his own proofs and afterwards meet the arguments of the opponent, refuting or pulling them to pieces beforehand. But if the opposition is varied, these arguments should be dealt with first, as Callistratus did in the Messenian assembly; in fact, it was only after he had first refuted what his opponents were likely to say that he put forward his own proofs.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
La réfutation de l'adversaire n'est pas une espèce particulière de preuve. Il faut réfuter ses arguments en partie par l'objection, en partie par le contre-syllogisme. Dans la rhétorique délibérative comme dans la rhétorique judiciaire, celui qui parle le premier doit exposer ses propres preuves, puis affronter les arguments de l'adversaire en les réfutant ou en les détruisant par avance. Mais si l'opposition présente des arguments variés, il faut les traiter d'abord, comme le fit Callistrate dans l'assemblée de Messénie. Ce ne fut qu'après avoir réfuté ce que ses adversaires étaient susceptibles de dire qu'il avança ses propres preuves.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Elenchus
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Justice
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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War and peace
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