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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S1
Section 9 of 1,114
Canonical reference B1.C2.S1
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
It is an established opinion amongst some men, that there are in the understanding certain INNATE PRINCIPLES; some primary notions, Κοινὰι εὔνοιαι, characters, as it were stamped upon the mind of man; which the soul receives in its very first being, and brings into the world with it. It would be sufficient to convince unprejudiced readers of the falseness of this supposition, if I should only show (as I hope I shall in the following parts of this Discourse) how men, barely by the use of their natural faculties may attain to all the knowledge they have, without the help of any innate impressions; and may arrive at certainty, without any such original notions or principles. For I imagine any one will easily grant that it would be impertinent to suppose the ideas of colours innate in a creature to whom God hath given sight, and a power to receive them by the eyes from external objects: and no less unreasonable would it be to attribute several truths to the impressions of nature, and innate characters, when we may observe in ourselves faculties fit to attain as easy and certain knowledge of them as if they were originally imprinted on the mind.
But because a man is not permitted without censure to follow his own thoughts in the search of truth, when they lead him ever so little out of the common road, I shall set down the reasons that made me doubt of the truth of that opinion, as an excuse for my mistake, if I be in one; which I leave to be considered by those who, with me, dispose themselves to embrace truth wherever they find it.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Il y a des gens qui ſuppoſent comme une Vérité inconteſtable, Qu’il y a certains Principes innez, certaines Notions primitives, autrement appellées * Notions communes, empreintes & gravées, pour ainſi dire, dans notre Ame, qui les reçoit dès le premier moment de ſon exiſtence, & les apporte au monde avec elle. Si j’avois à faire à des Lecteurs dégagez de tout préjugé, je n’aurois, pour les convaincre de la fauſſeté de cette Suppoſition, qu’à leur montrer, (comme j’eſpere de le faire dans les autres Parties de cet Ouvrage) que pour les hommes peuvent acquerir toutes les connoiſſances qu’ils ont, par le ſimple uſage de leurs Facultez naturelles, ſans le ſecours d’aucune impreſſion innée ; & qu’ils peuvent arriver à une entiére certitude de certaines choſes, ſans avoir beſoin d’aucune de ces Notions naturelles, ou de ces Principes innez. Car tout le Monde, à mon avis, doit convenir ſans peine, qu’il ſeroit ridicule de ſuppoſer, par exemple, que les idées des Couleurs ont été imprimées dans l’Ame d’une Créature, à qui Dieu a donné la vûë & la puiſſance de recevoir ces idées par l’impreſſion que les Objets exterieurs feroient ſur ſes yeux. Il ne ſeroit pas moins abſurde d’attribuer à des impreſſions naturelles & à des caractéres innez la connoiſſance que nous avons de pluſieurs Véritez, ſi nous pouvons remarquer en nous-mêmes des Facultez, propres à nous faire connoître ces Véritez avec autant de facilité & de certitude, que ſi elles étoient originairement gravées dans notre Ame.
Mais parce qu’un ſimple Particulier ne peut éviter d’être cenſuré lors qu’il cherche la vérité par un chemin qu’il s’eſt tracé lui-même, ſi ce chemin l’écarte le moins du monde de la route ordinaire, je propoſerai les raiſons qui m’ont fait douter de la vérité du Sentiment qui ſuppoſe des idées innées dans l’eſprit de l’Homme, afin que ces raiſons puiſſent ſervir à excuſer mon erreur, ſi tant eſt que je ſois effectivement dans l’erreur ſur cet article ; ce que je laiſſe examiner à ceux qui comme moi ſont diſpoſez à recevoir la Vérité par tout où ils la rencontrent.
Concepts in this passage
Attribute
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Care of the soul
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Elenchus
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Family
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God
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Hope
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Spirit
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Time
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Truth
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Wisdom
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