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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S4
Section 67 of 1,114
Canonical reference B1.C4.S4
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
If IDENTITY (to instance that alone) be a native impression, and consequently so clear and obvious to us that we must needs know it even from our cradles, I would gladly be resolved by any one of seven, or seventy years old, whether a man, being a creature consisting of soul and body, be the same man when his body is changed? Whether Euphorbus and Pythagoras, having had the same soul, were the same men, though they lived several ages asunder? Nay, whether the cock too, which had the same soul, were not the same, with both of them? Whereby, perhaps, it will appear that our idea of SAMENESS is not so settled and clear as to deserve to be thought innate in us. For if those innate ideas are not clear and distinct, so as to be universally known and naturally agreed on, they cannot be subjects of universal and undoubted truths, but will be the unavoidable occasion of perpetual uncertainty. For, I suppose every one’s idea of identity will not be the same that Pythagoras and thousands of his followers have. And which then shall be true? Which innate? Or are there two different ideas of identity, both innate?
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Si l’idée de l’Identité (pour ne parler que de celle-ci) eſt naturelle, & par conſéquent ſi évidente & ſi préſente à notre Eſprit, que nous devions la connoître dès le berceau, je voudrois bien qu’un Enfant de ſept ans, ou même un homme de ſoixante-dix ans, me dît, ſi un homme qui eſt une Créature compoſée de corps & d’ame, eſt le même, lorſque ſon Corps eſt changé, ſi Euphorbe & Pythagore qui avoient eu la même Ame, n’étoient qu’un même homme quoi qu’ils euſſent vécu éloignez de pluſieurs ſiécles l’un de l’autre : Et, ſi le Cocq dans lequel cette même Ame paſſa enſuite, étoit le même qu’Euphorbe & que Pythagore. Il paroîtra peut-être par l’embarras où il ſera de réſoudre cette Question, que l’idée d’Identité n’eſt pas ſi établie, ni ſi claire, qu’elle mérite de paſſer pour innée. Or ſi ces idées, qu’on prétend être innées, ne ſont ni assez claires ni aſſez diſtinctes, pour être univerſellement connuës, & reçuës naturellement, elles ne ſauroient ſervir de fondement à des véritez univerſelles & indubitables, mais elles ſeront au contraire une occaſion certaine d’une perpetuelle incertitude. Car ſuppoſé que tout le monde n’ait pas la même idée de l’identité que Pythagore, & mille de ſes Sectateurs en ont eu ; quelle eſt donc la véritable idée de l’identité, celle qui nous eſt naturelle, & qui eſt proprement née avec nous ? ou bien, y a-t-il deux idées d’identité, différentes l’une de l’autre, qui ſoient pourtant toutes deux innées ?
Concepts in this passage
Aporia
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Care of the soul
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Ether and field
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Spirit
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Truth
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