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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S7
Section 196 of 1,114
Canonical reference B2.C11.S7
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
In this also, I suppose, brutes come far short of man. For, though they take in, and retain together, several combinations of simple ideas, as possibly the shape, smell, and voice of his master make up the complex idea a dog has of him, or rather are so many distinct marks whereby he knows him; yet I do not think they do of themselves ever compound them, and make complex ideas. And perhaps even where we think they have complex ideas, it is only one simple one that directs them in the knowledge of several things, which possibly they distinguish less by their sight than we imagine. For I have been credibly informed that a bitch will nurse, play with, and be fond of young foxes, as much as, and in place of her puppies, if you can but get them once to suck her so long that her milk may go through them. And those animals which have a numerous brood of young ones at once, appear not to have any knowledge of their number; for though they are mightily concerned for any of their young that are taken from them whilst they are in sight or hearing, yet if one or two of them be stolen from them in their absence, or without noise, they appear not to miss them, or to have any sense that their number is lessened.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Je ſuppoſe encore, que dans ce point les Bêtes ſont inférieures aux Hommes. Car quoi qu’elles reçoivent & retiennent enſemble pluſieurs combinaiſons d’Idées ſimples, comme lors qu’un Chien regarde ſon Maître, dont la figure, l’odeur, & la voix forment peut-être une idée complexe dans le Chien, ou ſont, pour mieux dire, pluſieurs marques diſtinctes auxquelles il le reconnoît, cependant je ne croi pas que jamais les Bêtes aſſemblent d’elles-mêmes ces idées pour en faire des Idées complexes. Et peut-être que dans les occaſions où nous penſons reconnoître que les Bêtes ont des Idées complexes, il n’y a qu’une ſeule idée qui les dirige vers la connoiſſance de pluſieurs choſes qu’elles diſtinguent beaucoup moins par la vûë, que nous ne croyons. Car j’ai appris de gens dignes de foi, qu’une Chienne nourrira de petits Renards, badinera avec eux, & aura pour eux la même paſſion que pour ſes Petits, ſi l’on peut faire en ſorte que les Renardeaux la tettent autant qu’il faut pour que le lait ſe répande par tout leur Corps. Et il ne paroît pas que les Animaux qui ont quantité de Petits à la fois, ayent aucune connoiſſance de leur nombre ; car quoi qu’ils s’intéreſſent beaucoup pour un de leurs Petits qu’on leur enleve en leur préſence, ou lors qu’ils viennent à l’entendre, cependant ſi on leur en dérobe un ou deux en leur abſence, ou ſans faire de bruit, ils ne ſemblent pas s’en mettre fort en peine, ou même s’appercevoir que le nombre en aît été diminué.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Ether and field
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Faith
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Messiah
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Psychological complex
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Reason
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Simple and complex ideas
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Suffering
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