Potentially copyrighted passage
By consulting this text, you confirm that you may use it for personal and educational purposes. Do not reproduce its content. If the book helps you, buy it to support the author or rights holders.
John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S11
Section 356 of 1,114
Canonical reference B2.C21.S11
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
We have instances enough, and often more than enough, in our own bodies. A man’s heart beats, and the blood circulates, which it is not in his power by any thought or volition to stop; and therefore in respect of these motions, where rest depends not on his choice, nor would follow the determination of his mind, if it should prefer it, he is not a free agent. Convulsive motions agitate his legs, so that though he wills it ever so much, he cannot by any power of his mind stop their motion, (as in that odd disease called chorea sancti viti), but he is perpetually dancing; he is not at liberty in this action, but under as much necessity of moving, as a stone that falls, or a tennis-ball struck with a racket. On the other side, a palsy or the stocks hinder his legs from obeying the determination of his mind, if it would thereby transfer his body to another place. In all these there is want of freedom; though the sitting still, even of a paralytic, whilst he prefers it to a removal, is truly voluntary. Voluntary, then, is not opposed to necessary but to involuntary. For a man may prefer what he can do, to what he cannot do; the state he is in, to its absence or change; though necessity has made it in itself unalterable.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
C’eſt dequoi nous avons aſſez d’exemples dans notre propre Corps, & ſouvent plus que nous ne voudrions. Le Cœur d’un homme bat, & ſon ſang circule, ſans qu’il ſoit en ſon pouvoir de l’empêcher par aucune penſée ou volition particulière ; il n’eſt donc pas un Agent libre par rapport à ces mouvemens dont la ceſſation ne dépend pas de ſon choix & ne ſuit point la détermination de ſon Eſprit. Des mouvemens convulſifs agitent ſes jambes, de ſorte que, quoi qu’il veuille en arrêter le mouvement, il ne peut le faire par aucune puiſſance de ſon Eſprit, ces mouvemens convulſifs le contraignant de danſer ſans interruption, comme il arrive dans la maladie qu’on nomme Chorea Sancti Viti. Il eſt tout viſible que bien loin d’être en liberté à cet égard, il eſt dans une auſſi grande néceſſité de ſe mouvoir, qu’une pierre qui tombe, ou une Balle pouſſée par une Raquette. D’un autre côté, la Paralyſie empêche que ſes Jambes n’obeïſſent à la détermination de ſon Eſprit, s’il veut s’en ſervir pour porter ſon Corps dans un autre Lieu. La liberté manque dans tous ces cas, quoi que dans un Paralytique même ce ſoit une choſe volontaire de demeuré aſſis, tandis qu’il préfere d’être aſſis à changer de place. Volontaire n’eſt donc pas oppoſé à Néceſſaire, mais à Involontaire, car un homme peut préferer ce qu’il veut faire, à ce qu’il n’a pas la puiſſance de faire : il peut préferer l’état où il eſt, à l’abſence ou au changement de cet état, quoi que dans le fond la néceſſité l’aît reduit à ne pouvoir changer.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
View detailed page
Filter the library
Degrees of knowledge and probability
View detailed page
Filter the library
Family
View detailed page
Filter the library
Freedom
View detailed page
Filter the library
Ideas from sensation and reflection
View detailed page
Filter the library
Knowledge
View detailed page
Filter the library
Law
View detailed page
Filter the library
Messiah
View detailed page
Filter the library
Mindfulness
View detailed page
Filter the library
Necessity
View detailed page
Filter the library
Nominal and real essence
View detailed page
Filter the library
Personal identity and consciousness
View detailed page
Filter the library
Primary and secondary qualities
View detailed page
Filter the library
Reason
View detailed page
Filter the library
Service
View detailed page
Filter the library
Simple and complex ideas
View detailed page
Filter the library
Sin
View detailed page
Filter the library
Spirit
View detailed page
Filter the library