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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S45
Section 390 of 1,114
Canonical reference B2.C21.S45
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
This, I think, any one may observe in himself and others, - That the greater visible good does not always raise men’s desires in proportion to the greatness it appears, and is acknowledged, to have: though every little trouble moves us, and sets us on work to get rid of it. The reason whereof is evident from the nature of our happiness and misery itself. All present pain, whatever it be, makes a part of our present misery: but all absent good does not at any time make a necessary part of our present happiness, nor the absence of it make a part of our misery. If it did, we should be constantly and infinitely miserable; there being infinite degrees of happiness which are not in our possession. All uneasiness therefore being removed, a moderate portion of good serve at present to content men; and a few degrees of pleasure in a succession of ordinary enjoyments, make up a happiness wherein they can be satisfied. If this were not so, there could be no room for those indifferent and visibly trifling actions, to which our wills are so often determined, and wherein we voluntarily waste so much of our lives; which remissness could by no means consist with a constant determination of will or desire to the greatest apparent good. That this is so, I think few people need go far from home to be convinced. And indeed in this life there are not many whose happiness reaches so far as to afford them a constant train of moderate mean pleasures, without any mixture of uneasiness; and yet they could be content to stay here for ever: though they cannot deny, but that it is possible there may be a state of eternal durable joys after this life, far surpassing all the good that is to be found here. Nay, they cannot but see that it is more possible than the attainment and continuation of that pittance of honour, riches, or pleasure which they pursue, and for which they neglect that eternal state. But yet, in full view of this difference, satisfied of the possibility of a perfect, secure, and lasting happiness in a future state, and under a clear conviction that it is not to be had here, - whilst they bound their happiness within some little enjoyment or aim of this life, and exclude the joys of heaven from making any necessary part of it, - their desires are not moved by this greater apparent good, nor their wills determined to any action, or endeavour for its attainment.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Les néceſſitez ordinaires de la Vie, en rempliſſent une grande partie par les inquiétudes de la faim, de la ſoif, du Chaud, du Froid, de la laſſitude cauſée par le travail, de l’envie de dormir, &c. lesquelles reviennent conſtamment à certains temps. Que ſi, outre les maux d’accident, nous joignons à cela les inquiétudes chimeriques, (comme la démangeaiſon d’acquerir des honneurs, du crédit, ou des richeſſes, &c.) que la Mode, l’Exemple ou l’Education nous rendent habituelles, & mille autres deſirs irréguliers qui nous ſont devenus naturels par la coûtume, nous trouverons qu’il n’y a qu’une très-petite portion de notre Vie qui ſoit aſſez exempte de ces ſortes d’inquiétudes pour nous laiſſer en liberté d’être attirez par un Bien abſent plus éloigné. Nous ſommes rarement dans une entiere quiétude, & aſſez dégagez de la ſollicitation des deſirs naturels ou artificiels, de ſorte que les inquiétudes qui ſe ſuccedent conſtamment en nous, & qui émanent de ce fonds que nos habitudes ont ſi fort groſſi, ſe ſaiſiſſant par tour de la Volonté, nous n’avons pas plûtôt terminé l’action à laquelle nous avons été engagez par une détermination particuliere de la Volonté, qu’une autre inquiétude eſt prête à nous mettre en œuvre, ſi j’oſe m’exprimer ainſi. Car comme c’eſt en éloignant les maux que nous ſentons & dont nous ſommes actuellement tourmentez, que nous nous délivrons de la Miſére ; & que c’eſt là par conſéquent, la prémiére choſe qu’il faut faire pour parvenir au bonheur, il arrive de là, qu’un Bien abſent, auquel nous penſons, que nous reconnoiſſons pour un vrai Bien, & qui nous paroît tel actuellement, mais dont l’abſence ne fait pas partie de notre Miſére, s’éloigne inſenſiblement de notre Eſprit pour faire place au ſoin d’écarter les inquiétudes actuelles que nous ſentons, jusqu’à ce que venant à contempler de nouveau ce Bien comme il le mérite, cette contemplation l’ait, pour ainſi dire, approché plus près de notre Eſprit, nous en ait donné quelque goût, & nous ait inſpiré quelque deſir, qui commençant dès lors à faire partie de notre préſente inquiétude, ſe trouve comme de niveau avec nos autres deſirs ; & à ſon tour détermine effectivement notre Volonté, à proportion de ſa véhémence, & de l’impreſſion qu’il fait ſur nous.
Concepts in this passage
Craving
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Desire
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Classification of desires
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Education
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Family
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Freedom
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Mindfulness
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Mode
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Nature
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Necessity
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Pleasure
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Poverty and wealth
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Sin
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Spirit
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Time
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Tranquillity
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Worship
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