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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S13
Section 574 of 1,114
Canonical reference B2.C31.S13
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
Secondly, the COMPLEX ideas of SUBSTANCES are ectypes, copies too; but not perfect ones, not adequate: which is very evident to the mind, in that it plainly perceives, that whatever collection of simple ideas it makes of any substance that exists, it cannot be sure that it exactly answers all that are in that substance. Since, not having tried all the operations of all other substances upon it, and found all the alterations it would receive from, or cause in, other substances, it cannot have an exact adequate collection of all its active and passive capacities; and so not have an adequate complex idea of the powers of any substance existing, and its relations; which is that sort of complex idea of substances we have. And, after all, if we would have, and actually had, in our complex idea, an exact collection of all the secondary qualities or powers of any substance, we should not yet thereby have an idea of the ESSENCE of that thing. For, since the powers or qualities that are observable by us are not the real essence of that substance, but depend on it, and flow from it, any collection whatsoever of these qualities cannot be the real essence of that thing. Whereby it is plain, that our ideas of substances are not adequate; are not what the mind intends them to be. Besides, a man has no idea of substance in general, nor knows what substance is in itself.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
En ſecond lieu, les Idées complexes des Subſtances ſont auſſi des copies, mais qui ne ſont point entierement completes. C’eſt dequoi l’Eſprit ne peut douter, puiſqu’il apperçoit évidemment que de quelque amas d’idées ſimples dont il compoſe l’idée de quelque Subſtance qui exiſte, il ne peut s’aſſûrer que cet amas contienne exactement tout ce qui eſt dans cette Subſtance. Car comme il n’a pas éprouvé toutes les opérations que toutes les autres Subſtances peuvent produire ſur celle-là, ni découvert toutes les alterations qu’elle peut recevoir des autres Subſtances, ou qu’elle y peut cauſer, il en ſauroit ſe faire une collection exacte & complete de toutes ſes capacitez actives & paſſives, ni avoir par conſéquent une idée complete des Puiſſances d’aucune Subſtance exiſtante & de ſes Relations, à quoi ſe réduit l’idée complexe que nous avons des Subſtances. Mais après tout ſi nous pouvions avoir, & ſi nous avions actuellement dans notre idée complexe une collection exacte de toutes les ſecondes Qualitez ou Puiſſances d’une certaine Subſtance, nous n’aurions pourtant pas par ce moyen une idée de l’eſſence de cette choſe. Car puiſque les Puiſſances ou Qualitez que nous y pouvons obſerver, ne ſont pas l’eſſence réelle de cette Subſtance, mais en dépendent & en découlent comme de leur Principe ; un amas de ces qualitez (quelque nombreux qu’il ſoit) ne peut être l’eſſence réelle de cette choſe. Ce qui montre évidemment que nos Idées des Subſtances ne ſont point completes, qu’elles ne ſont pas ce que l’Eſprit prétend qu’elles ſoient. Et d’ailleurs, l’Homme n’a aucune idée de la Subſtance en général, & ne ſait ce que c’eſt que la Subſtance en elle-même.
Concepts in this passage
Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Messiah
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Psychological complex
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Sin
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Spirit
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Substance
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