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John Locke

An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S6

Section 775 of 1,114

Canonical reference B3.C10.S6

English

Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text

THIRDLY. Another abuse of language is an AFFECTED OBSCURITY; by either applying old words to new and unusual significations; or introducing new and ambiguous terms, without defining either; or else putting them so together, as may confound their ordinary meaning. Though the Peripatetick philosophy has been most eminent in this way, yet other sects have not been wholly clear of it. There are scarce any of them that are not cumbered with some difficulties (such is the imperfection of human knowledge,) which they have been fain to cover with obscurity of terms, and to confound the signification of words, which, like a mist before people's eyes, might hinder their weak parts from being discovered. That BODY and EXTENSION in common use, stand for two distinct ideas, is plain to any one that will but reflect a little. For were their signification precisely the same, it would be as proper, and as intelligible to say, 'the body of an extension,' as the 'extension of a body;' and yet there are those who find it necessary to confound their signification. To this abuse, and the mischiefs of confounding the signification of words, logic, and the liberal sciences as they have been handled in the schools, have given reputation; and the admired Art of Disputing hath added much to the natural imperfection of languages, whilst it has been made use of and fitted to perplex the signification of words, more than to discover the knowledge and truth of things: and he that will look into that sort of learned writings, will find the words there much more obscure, uncertain, and undetermined in their meaning, than they are in ordinary conversation.

French

Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition

Un troiſiéme abus qu’on fait du Langage, c’eſt une obſcurité affectée, ſoit en donnant à des termes d’uſage des ſignifications nouvelles & inuſitées, ſoit en introduiſant des termes nouveaux & ambigus ſans définir ni les uns ni les autres, ou bien en les joignant enſemble d’une maniére qui confonde le ſens qu’ils ont ordinairement. Quoi que la Philoſophie Peripateticienne ſe ſoit renduë remarquable par ce défaut, les autres Sectes n’en ont pourtant pas été tout-à-fait exemptes. A peine y en a-t-il aucune, (telle eſt l’imperfection des connoiſſances humaines) qui n’ait été embarraſſé de quelques difficultez qu’on a été contraint de couvrir par l’obſcurité des termes & en confondant la ſignification des Mots, afin que cette obſcurité fût comme un nuage devant les yeux du Peuple qui put l’empêcher de découvrir les endroits foibles de leur Hypotheſe. Quiconque eſt capable d’un peu de reflexion voit ſans peine que dans l’uſage ordinaire, Corps & Extenſion ſignifient deux idées diſtinctes ; cependant il y a des gens qui trouvent néceſſaire d’en confondre la ſignification. Il n’y a rien qui aît plus contribué à mettre en vogue le dangereux abus du Langage qui conſiſte à confondre la ſignification des termes, que la Logique & les Sciences, telles qu’on les a maniées dans les Ecoles ; & l’art de diſputer, qui a été en ſi grande admiration, a auſſi beaucoup augmenté les imperfections naturelles du Langage, tandis qu’on l’a fait ſervir à embrouiller la ſignification des Mots plûtôt qu’à découvrir la nature & la vérité des Choſes. En effet, qu’on jette les yeux ſur les ſavans Ecrits de cette eſpèce, & l’on verra que les Mots y ont un ſens plus obſcur, plus incertain & plus indéterminé que dans la Converſation ordinaire.

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