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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S3
Section 629 of 1,114
Canonical reference B3.C2.S3
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
This is so necessary in the use of language, that in this respect the knowing and the ignorant, the learned and the unlearned, use the words they speak (with any meaning) all alike. They, in every man's mouth, stand for the ideas he has, and which he would express by them. A child having taken notice of nothing in the metal he hears called GOLD, but the bright shining yellow colour, he applies the word gold only to his own idea of that colour, and nothing else; and therefore calls the same colour in a peacock's tail gold. Another that hath better observed, adds to shining yellow great weight: and then the sound gold, when he uses it, stands for a complex idea of a shining yellow and a very weighty substance. Another adds to those qualities fusibility: and then the word gold signifies to him a body, bright, yellow, fusible, and very heavy. Another adds malleability. Each of these uses equally the word gold, when they have occasion to express the idea which they have applied it to: but it is evident that each can apply it only to his own idea; nor can he make it stand as a sign of such a complex idea as he has not.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Cela eſt ſi néceſſaire dans le Langage, qu’à cet égard l’homme habile & l’ignorant, le ſavant & l’idiot ſe ſervent des mots de la même maniére, lorſqu’ils y attachent quelque ſignification. Je veux dire que les mots ſignifient dans la bouche de chaque homme les idées qu’il a dans l’Eſprit, & qu’il voudroit exprimer par ces mots-là. Ainſi, un Enfant n’ayant remarqué dans le Metal qu’il entend nommer Or, rien autre choſe qu’une brillante couleur jaune, applique ſeulement le mot d’Or à l’idée qu’il a de cette couleur, & à nulle autre choſe ; c’eſt pourquoi il donne le nom d’Or à cette même couleur qu’il voit dans la queuë d’un Paon. Un autre qui a mieux obſervé ce metal, ajoûte à la couleur jaune une grande peſanteur ; & alors le mot d’Or ſignifie dans ſa bouche une idée complexe d’un Jaune brillant, & d’une Subſtance fort peſante. Un troiſiéme ajoûte à ces Qualitez la fuſibilité, & dès-là ce nom ſignifie à ſon égard un Corps brillant, jaune, fuſible, & fort peſant. Un autre ajoûte la malleabilité. Chacune de ces perſonnes ſe ſervent également du mot d’Or, lorſqu’ils ont occaſion d’exprimer l’idée à laquelle ils l’appliquent ; mais il eſt évident qu’aucun d’eux ne peut l’appliquer qu’à ſa propre idée, & qu’il ne ſauroit le rendre ſigne d’une idée complexe qu’il n’a pas dans l’Eſprit.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Law
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Necessity
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Psychological complex
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Reason
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Service
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Simple and complex ideas
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Spirit
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Substance
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