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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S7
Section 633 of 1,114
Canonical reference B3.C2.S7
English
Project Gutenberg transcription of Locke author text
Secondly, That though the proper and immediate signification of words are ideas in the mind of the speaker, yet, because by familiar use from our cradles, we come to learn certain articulate sounds very perfectly, and have them readily on our tongues, and always at hand in our memories, but yet are not always careful to examine or settle their significations perfectly; it often happens that men, even when they would apply themselves to an attentive consideration, do set their thoughts more on words than things. Nay, because words are many of them learned before the ideas are known for which they stand: therefore some, not only children but men, speak several words no otherwise than parrots do, only because they have learned them, and have been accustomed to those sounds. But so far as words are of use and signification, so far is there a constant connexion between the sound and the idea, and a designation that the one stands for the other; without which application of them, they are nothing but so much insignificant noise.
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
Il faut remarquer, en ſecond lieu, que, quoi que les Mots ne ſignifient proprement & immédiatement que les idées de celui qui parle ; cependant parce que par un uſage qui nous devient familier dès le berceau, nous apprenons très-parfaitement certains ſons articulez qui nous viennent promptement ſur la langue, & que nous pouvons rappeler à tout moment, mais dont nous prenons pas toûjours la peine d’examiner ou de fixer exactement la ſignification, il arrive ſouvent que les hommes appliquent davantage leurs penſées aux mots qu’aux choſes, lors même qu’ils voudroient s’appliquer à conſiderer attentivement les choſes en elles-mêmes. Et parce qu’on a appris la plûpart de ces mots, avant que de connoître les idées qu’ils ſignifient, il y a non ſeulement des Enfans, mais des hommes faits, qui parlent ſouvent comme des Perroquets, ſe ſervant de pluſieurs mots par la ſeule raiſon qu’ils ont appris ces ſons & qu’ils ſe ſont fait une habitude de les prononcer. Du reſte, tant que les Mots ont quelque ſignification, il y a, juſque-là, une conſtante liaiſon entre le ſon & l’idée, & une marque que l’un tient lieu de l’autre. Mais ſi l’on n’en fait pas cet uſage, ce ne ſont plus que de vains ſons qui ne ſignifient rien.
Concepts in this passage
Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Elenchus
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Family
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Impressions and assent
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Knowledge
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Simple and complex ideas
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Wisdom
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