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John Locke
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding Section S11
Section 1,088 of 1,114
Canonical reference B4.C19.S11
French
Pierre Coste · Pierre Mortier, Amsterdam, 1735, third edition
A l’égard de tout ce qui eſt de revelation divine, il n’eſt pas néceſſaire de le prouver autrement qu’en faiſant voir que c’eſt véritablement une inſpiration qui vient de Dieu, car cet Etre qui eſt tout bon & tout ſage ne peut ni tromper ni être trompé. Mais comment pourrons-nous connoître qu’une Propoſition que nous avons dans l’Eſprit, eſt une vérité que Dieu nous a inſpirée, qu’il nous a revelée, qu’il expoſe lui-même à nos yeux, & que pour cet effet nous devons croire ? C’eſt ici que l’Enthouſiaſme manque d’avoir l’évidence à laquelle il prétend. Car les perſonnes prévenuës de cette imagination ſe glorifient d’une lumiére qui les éclaire, à ce qu’ils diſent, & qui leur communique la connoiſſance de telle ou telle vérité. Mais s’ils connoiſſent que c’eſt une vérité, ils doivent le connoître ou par ſa propre évidence, ou par les preuves naturelles qui le démontrent viſiblement. S’ils voyent & connoiſſent que c’eſt une vérité par l’une de ces deux voyes, ils ſuppoſent en vain que c’eſt une Revelation ; car ils connoiſſent que cela eſt vrai par la même voye que tout autre homme le peut connoître naturellement ſans le ſecours de la Revelation, puiſque c’eſt effectivement ainſi que toutes les véritez que des hommes non-inſpirez viennent à connoître, entrent dans leurs Eſprits & s’y établiſſent de quelque eſpèce qu’elles ſoient. S’ils diſent qu’ils ſavent que cela eſt vrai, parce que c’eſt une Revelation émanée de Dieu, la raiſon eſt bonne : mais alors on leur demandera, comment ils viennent à connoître que c’eſt une Revelation qui vient de Dieu. S’ils diſent qu’ils le connoiſſent par la lumiére que la choſe porte en elle, lumiére qui brille, qui éclatte dans leur Ame & à laquelle ils ne ſauroient réſiſter, je les prierai de conſiderer ſi cela ſignifie autre choſe que ce que nous avons déja remarqué, ſavoir, Que c’eſt une Revelation parce qu’ils croyent fortement qu’il eſt véritable ; toute la lumiére dont ils parlent, n’étant qu’une perſuaſion fortement établie dans leur Eſprit, mais ſans aucun fondement que c’eſt une vérité. Car pour des fondemens raiſonnables, tirez de quelque preuve qui montre que c’eſt une vérité, ils doivent reconnoître qu’ils n’en ont point ; parce que, s’ils en ont, ils ne le reçoivent plus comme une Revelation, mais ſur les fondemens ordinaires ſur leſquels on reçoit d’autres véritez : & s’ils croyent qu’il eſt vrai parce que c’eſt une Revelation, & qu’ils n’ayent point d’autre raiſon pour prouver que c’eſt une Revelation ſinon qu’ils ſont pleinement perſuadez qu’il eſt véritable ſans aucun autre fondement que cette même perſuaſion, ils croyent que c’eſt une Revelation ſeulement parce qu’ils croyent fortement que c’eſt une Revelation ; ce qui eſt un fondement très-peu ſûr pour s’y appuyer, tant à l’égard de nos opinions qu’à l’égard de notre conduite. Et je vous prie, quel autre moyen peut être plus propre à nous précipiter dans les erreurs & dans mes mépriſes les plus extravagantes, que de prendre ainſi notre propre Fantaiſie pour notre ſuprême & unique guide, & de croire qu’une Propoſition eſt véritable, qu’une action eſt droite, ſeulement parce que nous le croyons ? La force de nos perſuaſions n’eſt nullement une preuve de leur rectitude. Les choſes courbées peuvent être auſſi roides & difficiles à plier que celles qui ſont droites ; & les hommes peuvent être auſſi déciſifs à l’égard de l’Erreur qu’à l’égard de la Vérité. Et comment ſe formeroient autrement ces Zèles intraitables dans des Partis différens & directement oppoſez ? En effet, ſi la lumiére que chacun croit être dans ſon Eſprit, & qui dans ce cas n’eſt autre choſe que la force de ſa propre perſuaſion, ſi cette lumiére, dis-je, eſt une preuve que la choſe dont on eſt perſuadé, vient de Dieu, des opinions contraires peuvent avoir le même droit de paſſer pour des Inſpirations ; & Dieu ne ſera pas ſeulement le Pére de la Lumiére, mais de Lumiéres diametralement oppoſées qui conduiſent les hommes dans des routes contraires ; de ſorte que des Propoſitions contradictoires ſeront des véritez divines, ſi la force de l’aſſurance, quoi que deſtituée de fondement, peut prouver qu’une Propoſition eſt une Revelation divine.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-30
With regard to anything that is a divine revelation, it is unnecessary to prove it otherwise than by showing that it truly is an inspiration coming from God, for that Being who is wholly good and wholly wise can neither deceive nor be deceived. But how shall we know that a proposition in our mind is a truth that God has inspired in us, that he has revealed to us, that he himself sets before our eyes, and that for this reason we must believe it? It is here that Enthusiasm fails to possess the evidence to which it lays claim. For persons possessed by this notion boast of a light which, they say, enlightens them and communicates to them knowledge of this or that truth. But if they know that it is a truth, they must know it either through its own evidence or through the natural proofs that plainly demonstrate it. If they see and know it to be a truth by either of these two ways, they suppose in vain that it is a Revelation; for they know that it is true by the same way in which any other man may know it naturally without the aid of Revelation, since this is in fact how all truths, of whatever kind, which uninspired men come to know enter their minds and become established there. If they say that they know it to be true because it is a Revelation emanating from God, the reasoning is sound; but they will then be asked how they come to know that it is a Revelation coming from God. If they say that they know it by the light which the thing bears within itself, a light which shines, which flashes forth in their soul, and which they cannot resist, I shall ask them to consider whether this means anything other than what we have already observed, namely, that it is a Revelation because they strongly believe it to be true; all the light of which they speak being nothing but a persuasion firmly established in their mind, but without any ground that it is a truth. For as to reasonable grounds drawn from some proof showing it to be a truth, they must acknowledge that they have none, because if they have such grounds, they no longer receive it as a Revelation, but upon the ordinary grounds upon which other truths are received. And if they believe it to be true because it is a Revelation, and have no other reason for proving it to be a Revelation except that they are fully persuaded it is true, without any ground other than this very persuasion, they believe it to be a Revelation only because they strongly believe it to be a Revelation. This is a very unsafe foundation upon which to rest, both with regard to our opinions and with regard to our conduct. And pray, what means could be more apt to plunge us into the most extravagant errors and mistakes than thus to take our own Fancy as our supreme and sole guide, and to believe that a proposition is true, or an action right, solely because we believe it? The strength of our persuasions is no proof at all of their rectitude. Crooked things may be as stiff and difficult to bend as straight ones; and men may be as decisive concerning Error as concerning Truth. How else would these unyielding zeals arise among different and directly opposed parties? Indeed, if the light which each person believes to be in his mind, and which in this case is nothing but the strength of his own persuasion, is proof that the thing of which he is persuaded comes from God, contrary opinions may have an equal right to pass for Inspirations; and God will be not only the Father of Light, but of diametrically opposed lights that lead men along contrary paths, so that contradictory propositions will be divine truths if strength of assurance, though devoid of foundation, can prove a proposition to be a divine Revelation.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Degrees of knowledge and probability
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Education
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Family
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Force
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God
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Ideas from sensation and reflection
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Knowledge
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Messiah
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Nature
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Nominal and real essence
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Personal identity and consciousness
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Prayer
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Primary and secondary qualities
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Reason
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Revelation
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Roles and relationships
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Salvation
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Simple and complex ideas
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Sin
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Spirit
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Truth
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Wisdom
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