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Carl Gustav Jung
Psychology of the Unconscious: Transformations and Symbols of the Libido Section section-0231
Section 231 of 357
Canonical reference section-0231
English
Beatrice M. Hinkle
“Thy mother, the heavens, stretches forth her arms to thee.”
In another place it is said:
“Thou shinest, oh father of the gods, upon the back of thy mother, daily thy mother takes thee in her arms. When thou illuminatest the dwelling of night, thou unitest with thy mother, the heavens.” [566]
The Tum of Pitum-Heliopolis not only bears the Crux Ansata as a symbol, but also has this sign as his most frequent surname, that is, ān χ or ān χ i, which means “life” or “the living.” He is chiefly honored as the demon serpent, Agatho, of whom it is said, “The holy demon serpent Agatho goes forth from the city Nezi.” The snake, on account of casting its skin, is the symbol 302 of renewal, as is the scarabæus, a symbol of the sun, of whom it is said that he, being of masculine sex only, reproduces himself.
The name Chnum (another name for Tum, always meaning “the sun-god”) comes from the verb χ num, which means “to bind together, to unite.” [567] Chnum appears chiefly as the potter, the moulder of his egg. The cross seems, therefore, to be an extraordinarily condensed symbol; its supreme meaning is that of the tree of life, and, therefore, is a symbol of the mother. The symbolization in a human form is, therefore, intelligible. The phallic forms of the Crux Ansata belong to the abstract meaning of “life” and “fertility,” as well as to the meaning of “union,” which we can now very properly interpret as cohabitation with the mother for the purpose of renewal . [568] It is, therefore, not only a very touching but also a very significant naïve symbolism when Mary, in an Old English lament of the Virgin, [569] accuses the cross of being a false tree, which unjustly and without reason destroyed “the pure fruit of her body, her gentle birdling,” with a poisonous draught, the draught of death, which is destined only for the guilty descendants of the sinner Adam. Her son was not a sharer in that guilt. (Compare with this the cunning of Isis with the fatal draught of love.) Mary laments:
“Cross, thou art the evil stepmother of my son, so high hast thou hung him that I cannot even kiss his feet! Cross, thou art my mortal enemy, thou hast slain my little blue bird!”
The holy cross answers:
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
« Ta mère, les cieux, étend vers toi ses bras. »
Il est dit ailleurs :
« Tu resplendis, ô père des dieux, sur le dos de ta mère ; chaque jour, ta mère te prend dans ses bras. Lorsque tu illumines la demeure de la nuit, tu t’unis à ta mère, les cieux. » [566]
Le Tum de Pitum-Héliopolis ne porte pas seulement la Crux Ansata comme symbole, mais possède également ce signe comme surnom le plus fréquent, à savoir ān χ ou ān χ i, qui signifie « vie » ou « le vivant ». Il est principalement honoré sous la forme du serpent-démon Agatho, dont il est dit : « Le saint serpent-démon Agatho sort de la ville de Nezi. » Le serpent, parce qu’il mue, est le symbole 302 du renouvellement, tout comme le scarabée, symbole du soleil, dont il est dit que, n’étant que de sexe masculin, il se reproduit lui-même.
Le nom Chnum (autre nom de Tum, qui signifie toujours « le dieu solaire ») vient du verbe χ num, qui signifie « lier ensemble, unir ». [567] Chnum apparaît principalement comme le potier, le modeleur de son œuf. La croix semble donc être un symbole extraordinairement condensé ; sa signification suprême est celle de l’arbre de vie et, par conséquent, elle est un symbole de la mère. Sa symbolisation sous forme humaine devient ainsi intelligible. Les formes phalliques de la Crux Ansata relèvent du sens abstrait de « vie » et de « fertilité », ainsi que de celui d’« union », que nous pouvons maintenant interpréter très justement comme la cohabitation avec la mère dans un but de renouvellement. [568] C’est donc un symbolisme naïf non seulement très touchant, mais aussi très significatif, lorsque Marie, dans une ancienne lamentation anglaise de la Vierge, [569] accuse la croix d’être un arbre perfide qui, injustement et sans raison, a détruit « le fruit pur de son corps, son doux oisillon », au moyen d’un breuvage empoisonné, le breuvage de la mort, qui n’est destiné qu’aux descendants coupables du pécheur Adam. Son fils ne partageait pas cette faute. (Comparer avec cela la ruse d’Isis et le fatal breuvage d’amour.) Marie se lamente :
« Croix, tu es la méchante marâtre de mon fils, tu l’as suspendu si haut que je ne puis même embrasser ses pieds ! Croix, tu es mon ennemie mortelle, tu as tué mon petit oiseau bleu ! »
La sainte croix répond :
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Collective unconscious
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Death
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Ether and field
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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God
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Holiness
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Individuation
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Justice
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Love
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Personal unconscious
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Political union
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Psychic symbol
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Sin
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