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Plato
Charmides Passage 169
Passage 17 of 24
Canonical reference 169
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-charmides-grc
ἀκοὴ δʼ αὖ καὶ ὄψις καὶ ἔτι γε κίνησις αὐτὴ ἑαυτὴν κινεῖν, καὶ θερμότης κάειν, καὶ πάντα αὖ τὰ τοιαῦτα τοῖς μὲν ἀπιστίαν ἂν παράσχοι, ἴσως δέ τισιν οὔ. μεγάλου δή τινος, ὦ φίλε, ἀνδρὸς δεῖ, ὅστις τοῦτο κατὰ πάντων ἱκανῶς διαιρήσεται, πότερον οὐδὲν τῶν ὄντων τὴν αὑτοῦ δύναμιν αὐτὸ πρὸς ἑαυτὸ πέφυκεν ἔχειν πλὴν ἐπιστήμης , ἀλλὰ πρὸς ἄλλο, ἢ τὰ μέν, τὰ δʼ οὔ· καὶ εἰ ἔστιν αὖ ἅτινα αὐτὰ πρὸς αὑτὰ ἔχει, ἆρʼ ἐν τούτοις ἐστὶν ἐπιστήμη, ἣν δὴ ἡμεῖς σωφροσύνην φαμὲν εἶναι. ἐγὼ μὲν οὐ πιστεύω ἐμαυτῷ ἱκανὸς εἶναι ταῦτα διελέσθαι· διὸ καὶ οὔτʼ εἰ δυνατόν ἐστι τοῦτο γενέσθαι, ἐπιστήμης ἐπιστήμην εἶναι, ἔχω διισχυρίσασθαι, οὔτʼ εἰ ὅτι μάλιστα ἔστι, σωφροσύνην ἀποδέχομαι αὐτὸ εἶναι, πρὶν ἂν ἐπισκέψωμαι εἴτε τι ἂν ἡμᾶς ὠφελοῖ τοιοῦτον ὂν εἴτε μή. τὴν γὰρ οὖν δὴ σωφροσύνην ὠφέλιμόν τι καὶ ἀγαθὸν μαντεύομαι εἶναι· σὺ οὖν, ὦ παῖ Καλλαίσχρου - τίθεσαι γὰρ σωφροσύνην τοῦτʼ εἶναι, ἐπιστήμην ἐπιστήμης καὶ δὴ καὶ ἀνεπιστημοσύνης - πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο ἔνδειξαι, ὅτι δυνατὸν ἀποδεῖξαί σε ὃ νυνδὴ ἔλεγον, ἔπειτα πρὸς τῷ δυνατῷ ὅτι καὶ ὠφέλιμον· κἀμὲ τάχʼ ἂν ἀποπληρώσαις ὡς ὀρθῶς λέγεις περὶ σωφροσύνης ὃ ἔστιν. καὶ ὁ Κριτίας ἀκούσας ταῦτα καὶ ἰδών με ἀποροῦντα, ὥσπερ οἱ τοὺς χασμωμένους καταντικρὺ ὁρῶντες ταὐτὸν τοῦτο συμπάσχουσιν, κἀκεῖνος ἔδοξέ μοι ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ ἀποροῦντος ἀναγκασθῆναι καὶ αὐτὸς ἁλῶναι ὑπὸ ἀπορίας. ἅτε οὖν εὐδοκιμῶν ἑκάστοτε, ᾐσχύνετο τοὺς παρόντας, καὶ οὔτε συγχωρῆσαί μοι ἤθελεν ἀδύνατος εἶναι διελέσθαι ἃ προυκαλούμην αὐτόν, ἔλεγέν τε οὐδὲν σαφές, ἐπικαλύπτων τὴν ἀπορίαν. κἀγὼ ἡμῖν ἵνα ὁ λόγος προΐοι, εἶπον· ἀλλʼ εἰ δοκεῖ, ὦ Κριτία, νῦν μὲν τοῦτο συγχωρήσωμεν, δυνατὸν εἶναι γενέσθαι ἐπιστήμην ἐπιστήμης· αὖθις δὲ ἐπισκεψόμεθα εἴτε οὕτως ἔχει εἴτε μή. ἴθι δὴ οὖν, εἰ ὅτι μάλιστα δυνατὸν τοῦτο, τί μᾶλλον οἷόν τέ ἐστιν εἰδέναι ἅ τέ τις οἶδε καὶ ἃ μή; τοῦτο γὰρ δήπου ἔφαμεν εἶναι τὸ γιγνώσκειν αὑτὸν καὶ σωφρονεῖν· ἦ γάρ; πάνυ γε, ἦ δʼ ὅς, καὶ συμβαίνει γέ που, ὦ Σώκρατες. εἰ γάρ τις ἔχει ἐπιστήμην ἣ αὐτὴ αὑτὴν γιγνώσκει, τοιοῦτος ἂν αὐτὸς εἴη οἷόνπερ ἐστὶν ὃ ἔχει· ὥσπερ ὅταν τάχος τις ἔχῃ, ταχύς, καὶ ὅταν κάλλος, καλός, καὶ ὅταν γνῶσιν, γιγνώσκων, ὅταν δὲ δὴ γνῶσιν αὐτὴν αὑτῆς τις ἔχῃ, γιγνώσκων που αὐτὸς ἑαυτὸν τότε ἔσται. οὐ τοῦτο, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ἀμφισβητῶ, ὡς οὐχ ὅταν τὸ αὑτὸ γιγνῶσκόν τις ἔχῃ, αὐτὸς αὑτὸν γνώσεται, ἀλλʼ ἔχοντι τοῦτο τίς ἀνάγκη εἰδέναι ἅ τε οἶδεν καὶ ἃ μὴ οἶδεν;
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-charmides-en
But again, with hearing and sight, or in the further bases of motion moving itself and heat burning itself, and all other actions of the sort, the fact must appear incredible to some, but perhaps not to others. So what we want, my friend, is some great man who will determine to our satisfaction in every respect whether there is nothing in nature so constituted as to have its own faculty applicable to itself, and not only some other object, or whether there are some such, and others not such; and whether, again, if there are things that have such relation to themselves, they include a science which we assert to be temperance. For my part, I distrust my own competence to determine these questions, and hence I am neither able to affirm whether it is possible that there should be a science of science, nor willing, let it be ever so true, to acknowledge this to be temperance until I have made out whether such a thing as this would benefit us or not. For, you see, I have a presentiment that temperance is something beneficial and good; and you, therefore, son of Callaeschrus - since you lay it down that temperance is this very science of science, and moreover of the lack of science - shall first indicate the possibility, as I put it just now, and then the benefit added to the possibility, of such a thing; and perhaps you will then satisfy me that your definition of temperance is correct. Now when Critias heard this and saw me in a difficulty, he seemed to me - just as the sight of someone yawning opposite causes people to be affected in the same way - to be compelled by the sense of my difficulty to be caught in a difficulty himself. And so, since he usually contrived to distinguish himself, he was too ashamed to bring himself to admit to me before the company that he was unable to determine the questions with which I challenged him, and he made a very indistinct reply in order to conceal his difficulty. Then I, to forward the discussion, remarked: Well, if you prefer, Critias, let us concede for the moment that there may possibly be a science of science : some other time we shall consider whether such is the fact or not. Come then; suppose it is perfectly possible: how is one helped thereby to know what one knows and does not know? For this, you are aware, we said was the meaning of self-knowledge and temperance, did we not? Certainly, he said; and it must surely follow, Socrates; for if a man has a science which knows itself, he will be similar himself to that which he has. For instance, he who has swiftness will be swift, he who has beauty will be beautiful, and he who has knowledge will know; and when he has knowledge that is of itself, he will then, surely, be in the position of knowing himself. I do not dispute, I said, that when a man has that which knows itself he will know himself; but having that, how is he bound to know what he knows and what he does not know?
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-charmides-fr-01
[169a] cela pourrait paraître bien difficile à croire, mais peut-être y en aurait-il qui l’admettraient. Il n’appartient, mon ami, qu’à un homme de génie de décider en général si rien ne peut avoir la propriété de ne se rapporter qu’à soi-même, ou si cette propriété doit être attribuée à certaines choses et non pas à d’autres, si enfin, dans ce dernier cas, on peut compter au nombre de celles qui ne se rapportent qu’à elles-mêmes, la science dans laquelle consiste selon nous la sagesse. Quant à moi, je ne me crois pas capable de trancher cette question, et par cette raison je ne saurais affirmer avec certitude s’il est possible qu’il y ait [169b] une science de la science ; et en supposant qu’elle existe, je ne puis encore convenir que ce soit là la sagesse, à moins d’avoir examiné d’abord si, étant telle, elle nous serait utile ou non ; car je soupçonne que la sagesse doit être quelque chose de bon et d’utile. Mais toi, fils de Calleschros, si comme tu l’affirmais, la sagesse est la science de la science ainsi que de l’ignorance, prouve-moi d’abord que [169c] cela soit possible, et ensuite que ce soit utile : peut-être ne m’en faudra-t-il pas davantage pour me convaincre que tu as bien défini la sagesse. Alors Critias, qui me vit embarrassé, me parut comme ces gens qui, en voyant bâiller d’autres devant eux, ne peuvent s’empêcher d’en faire autant ; mon incertitude semblait l’avoir gagné. Accoutumé à ne recevoir que des éloges, il était tout honteux devant les assistans, et n’avait guère envie d’avouer qu’il était incapable de donner les preuves qu’on lui [169d] demandait ; il ne disait rien de positif et ne songeait qu’à celer son embarras. Cependant pour ne pas en rester là, je lui dis : Eh bien ! Critias, si tu le veux, nous allons supposer pour l’instant qu’il peut y avoir une science de la science, sauf à chercher une autre fois si réellement il en est ainsi. Viens donc, et dis-moi, s’il se peut, comment il devient par là plus facile de savoir ce qu’on sait et ce qu’on ne sait pas ? Car n’avons-nous pas dit que c’est là se connaître soi-même et être sage ? n’est-il pas vrai ? Sans doute, et c’est une conséquence naturelle ; car [169e] celui qui possède la science qui se sait elle-même, doit être comme ce qu’il possède. Il sera vif s’il a la vivacité, beau s’il a la beauté, savant s’il a la science. Et s’il a la science qui se sait elle-même, il devra aussi se connaître lui-même. Je ne doute pas que celui qui possède ce qui se connaît soi-même, ne se connaisse lui-même aussi ; mais je demande si celui-là doit nécessairement savoir ce qu’il sait et ce qu’il ne sait pas.
Concepts in this passage
Affects
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Aporia
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Dialectic
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Ether and field
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Faith
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Moral rightness and utility
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Human wisdom
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Logos of nature
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Mindfulness
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Nature
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Self-governance
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Sin
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Time
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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