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Plato
Clitophon Passage 410
Passage 5 of 5
Canonical reference 410
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-cleitophon-grc
ΚΛΕΙ. ὅτε δὴ ἐνταῦθα ἦμεν τοῦ λόγου ἀποροῦντες, οἱ παρόντες ἱκανοὶ ἦσαν ἐπιπλήττειν τε αὐτῷ καὶ λέγειν ὅτι περιδεδράμηκεν εἰς ταὐτὸν ὁ λόγος τοῖς πρώτοις, καὶ ἔλεγον ὅτι καὶ ἡ ἰατρικὴ ὁμόνοιά τίς ἐστι καὶ ἅπασαι αἱ τέχναι, καὶ περὶ ὅτου εἰσὶν ἔχουσι λέγειν· τὴν δὲ ὑπὸ σοῦ λεγομένην δικαιοσύνην ἢ ὁμόνοιαν, ὅποι τείνουσά ἐστιν, διαπέφευγεν, καὶ ἄδηλον αὐτῆς ὅτι ποτʼ ἔστιν τὸ ἔργον. ταῦτα, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἐγὼ τελευτῶν καὶ σὲ αὐτὸν ἠρώτων, καὶ εἶπές μοι δικαιοσύνης εἶναι τοὺς μὲν ἐχθροὺς βλάπτειν, τοὺς δὲ φίλους εὖ ποιεῖν. ὕστερον δὲ ἐφάνη βλάπτειν γε οὐδέποτε ὁ δίκαιος οὐδένα· πάντα γὰρ ἐπʼ ὠφελίᾳ πάντας δρᾶν. ταῦτα δὲ οὐχ ἅπαξ οὐδὲ δὶς ἀλλὰ πολὺν δὴ ὑπομείνας χρόνον καὶ λιπαρῶν ἀπείρηκα, νομίσας σε τὸ μὲν προτρέπειν εἰς ἀρετῆς ἐπιμέλειαν κάλλιστʼ ἀνθρώπων δρᾶν, δυοῖν δὲ θάτερον, ἢ τοσοῦτον μόνον δύνασθαι, μακρότερον δὲ οὐδέν, ὃ γένοιτʼ ἂν καὶ περὶ ἄλλην ἡντιναοῦν τέχνην, οἷον μὴ ὄντα κυβερνήτην καταμελετῆσαι τὸν ἔπαινον περὶ αὐτῆς, ὡς πολλοῦ τοῖς ἀνθρώποις ἀξία, καὶ περὶ τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν ὡσαύτως· ταὐτὸν δὴ καὶ σοί τις ἐπενέγκοι τάχʼ ἂν περὶ δικαιοσύνης, ὡς οὐ μᾶλλον ὄντι δικαιοσύνης ἐπιστήμονι, διότι καλῶς αὐτὴν ἐγκωμιάζεις. οὐ μὴν τό γε ἐμὸν οὕτως ἔχει· δυοῖν δὲ θάτερον, ἢ οὐκ εἰδέναι σε ἢ οὐκ ἐθέλειν αὐτῆς ἐμοὶ κοινωνεῖν. διὰ ταῦτα δὴ καὶ πρὸς Θρασύμαχον οἶμαι πορεύσομαι καὶ ἄλλοσε ὅποι δύναμαι, ἀπορῶν· ἐπεὶ εἴ γʼ ἐθέλεις σὺ τούτων μὲν ἤδη παύσασθαι πρὸς ἐμὲ τῶν λόγων τῶν προτρεπτικῶν, οἷον δέ, εἰ περὶ γυμναστικῆς προτετραμμένος ἦ τοῦ σώματος δεῖν μὴ ἀμελεῖν, τὸ ἐφεξῆς ἂν τῷ προτρεπτικῷ λόγῳ ἔλεγες οἷον τὸ σῶμά μου φύσει ὂν οἵας θεραπείας δεῖται, καὶ νῦν δὴ ταὐτὸν γιγνέσθω. θὲς τὸν Κλειτοφῶντα ὁμολογοῦντα ὡς ἔστιν καταγέλαστον τῶν μὲν ἄλλων ἐπιμέλειαν ποιεῖσθαι, ψυχῆς δέ, ἧς ἕνεκα τἆλλα διαπονούμεθα, ταύτης ἠμεληκέναι· καὶ τἆλλα πάντα οἴου με νῦν οὕτως εἰρηκέναι τὰ τούτοις ἑξῆς, ἃ καὶ νυνδὴ διῆλθον. καί σου δεόμενος λέγω μηδαμῶς ἄλλως ποιεῖν, ἵνα μή, καθάπερ νῦν, τὰ μὲν ἐπαινῶ σε πρὸς Λυσίαν καὶ πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους, τὰ δέ τι καὶ ψέγω. μὴ μὲν γὰρ προτετραμμένῳ σε ἀνθρώπῳ, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἄξιον εἶναι τοῦ παντὸς φήσω, προτετραμμένῳ δὲ σχεδὸν καὶ ἐμπόδιον τοῦ πρὸς τέλος ἀρετῆς ἐλθόντα εὐδαίμονα γενέσθαι.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-cleitophon-en
Cleit. Now when we were at this point in the argument and at our wits’ end, the bystanders were ready to fall upon the man and to cry that the argument had circled round to the same point as at first; and they declared that: Medicine also is a kind of unanimity, as are all the arts, and they are able to explain what it is they deal with; but as for the justice or unanimity which you talk of, it has no comprehension of what its own aim is, and what the effect of it is remains quite obscure. Finally, Socrates, I put these questions to you yourself also, and you told me that it belonged to justice to injure one’s enemies and to do well to one’s friends. But later on it appeared that the just man never injures anyone, for in all his acts he aims at benefiting all. So after repeated questionings - not once only or twice but spending quite a long time at it - I gave it up, concluding that though you were better than any man at the task of exhorting men to devote themselves to virtue, yet of these two alternatives one must be true: either you are capable of effecting thus much only and nothing more, - a thing which might happen also in respect of any other art whatsoever, as for example a man who was no steersman might practice composing an eulogy of that art as one of high value to mankind, and so too with all the other arts; so against you too one might perhaps bring the same charge in regard to justice, that you are none the more an expert about justice because you eulogize it finely. Not that this is the complaint I make myself; but it must be one or other of these two alternatives, - either you do not possess the knowledge or else you refuse to let me share it. Consequently, methinks I will betake myself, in my perplexity, to Thrasymachus and to everyone else I can. However, if you are really willing to refrain at last from addressing to me these hortatory discourses, and just as you would have followed up the hortatory discourse, suppose you had been exhorting me in respect of gymnastics that I should not neglect my body, by explaining the nature of the body and the nature of the treatment it requires - so let the same course be followed in the present case. Assume that Cleitophon agrees that it is ridiculous to expend care on everything else and to neglect the soul, for the sake of which all the other labour is incurred; and suppose also that I have made all the other subsequent statements which I rehearsed just now. And I entreat you, as I speak, by no means to act otherwise, lest I should do, as I do now, praise you in part to Lysias and to the others, and also in part blame you. For I shall maintain, Socrates, that while you are of untold value to a man who has not been exhorted, to him who has been exhorted you are almost an actual hindrance in the way of his attaining the goal of virtue and becoming a happy man.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-cleitophon-fr-01
[410a] tous les assistants s’élevèrent contre lui et lui crièrent que sa définition était aussi mauvaise que les premières. Car, lui dirent-ils, la médecine n’est qu’une communauté de pensée, les autres arts ne sont pas autre chose, mais ils peuvent dire quel est leur objet ; tandis que cette justice ou cette communauté de pensée dont tu nous parles ne sait où elle va et ignore l’œuvre qu’elle doit accomplir. Enfin, Socrate, je me suis adressé à toi-même et tu m’as dit que la justice consiste à servir ses amis [410b] et à nuire à ses ennemis. Mais plus tard tu as reconnu que le juste ne devait jamais nuire à personne, mais qu’il devait plutôt servir tout le monde. Après avoir répété ma question non pas une fois ou deux seulement, mais très souvent, fatigué de mes vaines prières, j’ai pensé que tu étais l’homme du monde le mieux fait pour enflammer les autres de l’amour de la vertu ; mais de deux choses l’une : ou ton mérite va jusque-là et s’arrête là, ce qui peut arriver, même en d’autres arts ; par exemple pour l’art du pilote, il peut arriver qu’un homme, sans savoir diriger un vaisseau, s’avise de composer un éloge [410c] de cet art d’une manière très propre à nous y encourager ; et pour les autres arts, il en est de même. On pourrait donc t’accuser aussi de ne pas mieux connaître la justice, malgré tous les éloges que tu lui donnes ; je ne le pense pas ; mais cependant, je le répète, de deux choses l’une : ou tu ne sais pas ce que je te demande, ou tu ne veux pas me le communiquer. C’est pour cela que je crois devoir aller trouver Thrasymaque ou tout autre qui me satisfasse, à moins que tu ne mettes fin [410d] à tes éternelles exhortations. Si tu me faisais l’éloge de la gymnastique, en m’engageant à prendre soin de mon corps, après ces exhortations tu me dirais sans doute quel est mon tempérament et quelle espèce de soins il exige. Fais-en de même à présent. Suppose que Clitophon t’accorde qu’il est ridicule de s’occuper de tout le reste et de négliger l’âme [410e] pour laquelle nous prenons toutes ces peines ; suppose que je t’aie rapporté tout ce qui s’en suit et tout ce que nous venons de dire. Maintenant, je t’en conjure, réponds à ma question, pour que je ne sois plus forcé, comme je viens de le faire et comme je l’ai fait avec Lysias, de te louer sur certains points et de te blâmer sur d’autres. Car je répéterai toujours que pour celui qui n’a point encore été exhorté à la vertu, tu es le plus précieux des hommes ; mais pour celui qui l’est déjà, tu serais presque un obstacle à ce qu’il parvint au véritable but de la vertu, qui est le bonheur.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Aponia
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Aporia
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Community
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Courage
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Dialectic
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Duty
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Faith
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Justice
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Cognitive impression
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Knowledge
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Law
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Logos of nature
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Love
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Nature
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Philosophical training
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Prayer
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Reason
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Service
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Sin
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Time
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Virtue
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