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Plato
Letters Attributed to Plato Passage 325
Passage 17 of 55
Canonical reference 325
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-epistles-grc
ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἐπείθετο, πᾶν δὲ παρεκινδύνευσεν παθεῖν πρὶν ἀνοσίων αὐτοῖς ἔργων γενέσθαι κοινωνός - ἃ δὴ πάντα καθορῶν καὶ εἴ τινʼ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα οὐ σμικρά, ἐδυσχέρανά τε καὶ ἐμαυτὸν ἐπανήγαγον ἀπὸ τῶν τότε κακῶν. χρόνῳ δὲ οὐ πολλῷ μετέπεσε τὰ τῶν τριάκοντά τε καὶ πᾶσα ἡ τότε πολιτεία· πάλιν δὲ βραδύτερον μέν, εἷλκεν δέ με ὅμως ἡ περὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ κοινὰ καὶ πολιτικὰ ἐπιθυμία. ἦν οὖν καὶ ἐν ἐκείνοις ἅτε τεταραγμένοις πολλὰ γιγνόμενα ἅ τις ἂν δυσχεράνειεν, καὶ οὐδέν τι θαυμαστὸν ἦν τιμωρίας ἐχθρῶν γίγνεσθαί τινών τισιν μείζους ἐν μεταβολαῖς· καίτοι πολλῇ γε ἐχρήσαντο οἱ τότε κατελθόντες ἐπιεικείᾳ. κατὰ δέ τινα τύχην αὖ τὸν ἑταῖρον ἡμῶν Σωκράτη τοῦτον δυναστεύοντές τινες εἰσάγουσιν εἰς δικαστήριον, ἀνοσιωτάτην αἰτίαν ἐπιβαλόντες καὶ πάντων ἥκιστα Σωκράτει προσήκουσαν· ὡς ἀσεβῆ γὰρ οἱ μὲν εἰσήγαγον, οἱ δὲ κατεψηφίσαντο καὶ ἀπέκτειναν τὸν τότε τῆς ἀνοσίου ἀγωγῆς οὐκ ἐθελήσαντα μετασχεῖν περὶ ἕνα τῶν τότε φευγόντων φίλων, ὅτε φεύγοντες ἐδυστύχουν αὐτοί. σκοποῦντι δή μοι ταῦτά τε καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους τοὺς πράττοντας τὰ πολιτικά, καὶ τοὺς νόμους γε καὶ ἔθη, ὅσῳ μᾶλλον διεσκόπουν ἡλικίας τε εἰς τὸ πρόσθε προύβαινον, τοσούτῳ χαλεπώτερον ἐφαίνετο ὀρθῶς εἶναί μοι τὰ πολιτικὰ διοικεῖν· οὔτε γὰρ ἄνευ φίλων ἀνδρῶν καὶ ἑταίρων πιστῶν οἷόν τʼ εἶναι πράττειν - οὓς οὔθʼ ὑπάρχοντας ἦν εὑρεῖν εὐπετές, οὐ γὰρ ἔτι ἐν τοῖς τῶν πατέρων ἤθεσιν καὶ ἐπιτηδεύμασιν ἡ πόλις ἡμῶν διῳκεῖτο, καινούς τε ἄλλους ἀδύνατον ἦν κτᾶσθαι μετά τινος ῥᾳστώνης - τά τε τῶν νόμων γράμματα καὶ ἔθη διεφθείρετο καὶ ἐπεδίδου θαυμαστὸν ὅσον, ὥστε με, τὸ πρῶτον πολλῆς μεστὸν ὄντα ὁρμῆς ἐπὶ τὸ πράττειν τὰ κοινά, βλέποντα εἰς ταῦτα καὶ φερόμενα ὁρῶντα πάντῃ πάντως, τελευτῶντα ἰλιγγιᾶν,
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-epistles-en
he, however, refused to obey and risked the uttermost penalties rather than be a partaker in their unholy deeds. So when I beheld all these actions and others of a similar grave kind, I was indignant, and I withdrew myself from the evil practices then going on. But in no long time the power of the Thirty was overthrown together with the whole of the government which then existed. Then once again I was really, though less urgently, impelled with a desire to take part in public and political affairs. Many deplorable events, however, were still happening in those times, troublous as they were, and it was not surprising that in some instances, during these revolutions, men were avenging themselves on their foes too fiercely; yet, notwithstanding, the exiles who then returned exercised no little moderation. But, as ill-luck would have it, certain men of authority summoned our comrade Socrates before the law-courts, laying a charge against him which was most unholy, and which Socrates of all men least deserved; for it was on the charge of impiety that those men summoned him and the rest condemned and slew him - the very man who on the former occasion, when they themselves had the misfortune to be in exile, had refused to take part in the unholy arrest of one of the friends of the men then exiled. When, therefore, I considered all this, and the type of men who were administering the affairs of State, with their laws too and their customs, the more I considered them and the more I advanced in years myself, the more difficult appeared to me the task of managing affairs of State rightly. For it was impossible to take action without friends and trusty companions; and these it was not easy to find ready to hand, since our State was no longer managed according to the principles and institutions of our forefathers; while to acquire other new friends with any facility was a thing impossible. Moreover, both the written laws and the customs were being corrupted, and that with surprising rapidity. Consequently, although at first I was filled with an ardent desire to engage in public affairs, when I considered all this and saw how things were shifting about anyhow in all directions, I finally became dizzy;
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-epistles-fr-01
[325a] Ils voulaient ainsi le rendre, de gré ou de force, complice de leur conduite. Mais Socrate refusa de leur obéir et aima mieux s’exposer à tous les dangers que de s’associer à leurs desseins impies. Témoin d’un tel crime et d’autres non moins odieux, je m’éloignai avec indignation du théâtre de ces malheurs. Peu de temps après les trente tombèrent et la république changea de face. J’éprouvai de nouveau, [325b] quoique avec moins d’ardeur, le désir de me mêler des affaires et de l’administration de l’État ; mais à cette époque, comme dans tous les temps de révolution, il se passa bien des choses déplorables, et il ne faut pas trop s’étonner si, au milieu de ces désordres, l’esprit de parti pousse quelquefois à de trop violentes vengeances. Pourtant il faut avouer que ceux qui revinrent à Athènes montrèrent pour la plupart beaucoup de modération ; mais par une nouvelle fatalité, des hommes alors puissants traînèrent Socrate, mon ami, devant un tribunal sous le poids de l’accusation la plus odieuse [325c] et la plus étrangère à son caractère. Quelques-uns de ses ennemis le dénoncèrent comme impie, et les autres après l’avoir condamné le livrèrent à la mort, lui qui, pour ne pas commettre une impiété, avait refusé de prendre part à l’arrestation d’un de leurs amis, quand ils gémissaient eux-mêmes dans les malheurs de l’exil. Quand je vis ces crimes, quand je connus les hommes qui nous gouvernaient, nos lois et nos mœurs, plus je me sentis avancer en âge et plus je fus effrayé de la difficulté de bien gouverner [325d] un État. On n’aurait pu l’entreprendre sans des amis fidèles et des compagnons dévoués ; et il n’était pas aisé d’en découvrir, s’il y en avait, car nous ne vivions plus suivant les institutions et les mœurs de nos pères ; d’un autre côté on ne pouvait en former de nouveaux qu’avec les plus grandes difficultés. Les lois et les coutumes étaient corrompues et tombées dans le dernier mépris ; de sorte que moi, [325e] naguère si plein de zèle et d’ardeur pour l’intérêt public, devant le spectacle de ce profond et universel désordre, je me sentis saisi de vertige. Cependant je ne cessai pas d’observer l’état des choses
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Civic duty
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Death
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Desire
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Dialectic
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Education
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Ether and field
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Exile
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Faith
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Fortune
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Friendship
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God
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Holiness
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Justice
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Justice and care for the vulnerable
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Law
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Mindfulness
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Mode
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Ressentiment
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Service
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Sin
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Spirit
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Time
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