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Plato
Euthydemus Passage 284
Passage 14 of 37
Canonical reference 284
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-euthydemus-grc
ΣΩ. τί δέ, ἔφη, ὦ Κτήσιππε, ὁ Εὐθύδημος, ἦ δοκεῖ σοι οἷόν τʼ εἶναι ψεύδεσθαι; - νὴ Δία, ἔφη, εἰ μὴ μαίνομαί γε. - πότερον λέγοντα τὸ πρᾶγμα περὶ οὗ ἂν ὁ λόγος ᾖ, ἢ μὴ λέγοντα; - λέγοντα, ἔφη. - οὐκοῦν εἴπερ λέγει αὐτό, οὐκ ἄλλο λέγει τῶν ὄντων ἢ ἐκεῖνο ὅπερ λέγει; - πῶς γὰρ ἄν; ἔφη ὁ Κτήσιππος. - ἓν μὴν κἀκεῖνό γʼ ἐστὶν τῶν ὄντων, ὃ λέγει, χωρὶς τῶν ἄλλων. - πάνυ γε. - οὐκοῦν ὁ ἐκεῖνο λέγων τὸ ὄν, ἔφη, λέγει; - ναί. - ἀλλὰ μὴν ὅ γε τὸ ὂν λέγων καὶ τὰ ὄντα τἀληθῆ λέγει· ὥστε ὁ Διονυσόδωρος, εἴπερ λέγει τὰ ὄντα, λέγει τἀληθῆ καὶ οὐδὲν κατὰ σοῦ ψεύδεται. ναί, ἔφη· ἀλλʼ ὁ ταῦτα λέγων, ἔφη ὁ Κτήσιππος, ὦ Εὐθύδημε, οὐ τὰ ὄντα λέγει. καὶ ὁ Εὐθύδημος, τὰ δὲ μὴ ὄντα, ἔφη, ἄλλο τι ἢ οὐκ ἔστιν; - οὐκ ἔστιν. - ἄλλο τι οὖν οὐδαμοῦ τά γε μὴ ὄντα ὄντα ἐστίν; - οὐδαμοῦ. - ἔστιν οὖν ὅπως περὶ ταῦτα, τὰ μὴ ὄντα, πράξειεν ἄν τίς τι, ὥστʼ ἐκεῖνα ποιήσειεν ἂν καὶ ὁστισοῦν τὰ μηδαμοῦ ὄντα; - οὐκ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ, ἔφη ὁ Κτήσιππος. - τί οὖν; οἱ ῥήτορες ὅταν λέγωσιν ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, οὐδὲν πράττουσι; - πράττουσι μὲν οὖν, ἦ δʼ ὅς. - οὐκοῦν εἴπερ πράττουσι, καὶ ποιοῦσι; - ναί. - τὸ λέγειν ἄρα πράττειν τε καὶ ποιεῖν ἐστιν; - ὡμολόγησεν. - οὐκ ἄρα τά γε μὴ ὄντʼ, ἔφη, λέγει οὐδείς - ποιοῖ γὰρ ἂν ἤδη τί· σὺ δὲ ὡμολόγηκας τὸ μὴ ὂν μὴ οἷόν τʼ εἶναι μηδένα ποιεῖν - ὥστε κατὰ τὸν σὸν λόγον οὐδεὶς ψευδῆ λέγει, ἀλλʼ εἴπερ λέγει Διονυσόδωρος, τἀληθῆ τε καὶ τὰ ὄντα λέγει. νὴ Δία, ἔφη ὁ Κτήσιππος, ὦ Εὐθύδημε· ἀλλὰ τὰ ὄντα μὲν τρόπον τινὰ λέγει, οὐ μέντοι ὥς γε ἔχει. πῶς λέγεις, ἔφη ὁ Διονυσόδωρος, ὦ Κτήσιππε; εἰσὶν γάρ τινες οἳ λέγουσι τὰ πράγματα ὡς ἔχει; - εἰσὶν μέντοι, ἔφη, οἱ καλοί τε κἀγαθοὶ καὶ οἱ τἀληθῆ λέγοντες. - τί οὖν; ἦ δʼ ὅς· τἀγαθὰ οὐκ εὖ, ἔφη, ἔχει, τὰ δὲ κακὰ κακῶς; - συνεχώρει. - τοὺς δὲ καλούς τε καὶ ἀγαθοὺς ὁμολογεῖς λέγειν ὡς ἔχει τὰ πράγματα; - ὁμολογῶ. - κακῶς ἄρα, ἔφη, λέγουσιν, ὦ Κτήσιππε, οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τὰ κακά, εἴπερ ὡς ἔχει λέγουσιν. - ναὶ μὰ Δία, ἦ δʼ ὅς, σφόδρα γε, τοὺς γοῦν κακοὺς ἀνθρώπους· ὧν σύ, ἐάν μοι πείθῃ, εὐλαβήσῃ εἶναι, ἵνα μή σε οἱ ἀγαθοὶ κακῶς λέγωσιν. ὡς εὖ ἴσθʼ ὅτι κακῶς λέγουσιν οἱ ἀγαθοὶ τοὺς κακούς. - καὶ τοὺς μεγάλους, ἔφη ὁ Εὐθύδημος, μεγάλως λέγουσι καὶ τοὺς θερμοὺς θερμῶς; - μάλιστα δήπου, ἔφη ὁ Κτήσιππος· τοὺς γοῦν ψυχροὺς ψυχρῶς λέγουσί τε καὶ φασὶν διαλέγεσθαι. - σὺ μέν, ἔφη ὁ Διονυσόδωρος, λοιδορῇ, ὦ Κτήσιππε, λοιδορῇ.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-euthydemus-en
Soc. Why, Ctesippus, said Euthydemus, do you think it possible to lie? To be sure, I do, he replied: I should be mad otherwise. Do you mean, when one tells the thing about which one is telling, or when one does not? When one tells it, he said. Then if you tell it, you tell just that thing which you tell, of all that are, and nothing else whatever? Of course, said Ctesippus. Now the thing that you tell is a single one, distinct from all the others there are. Certainly. Then the person who tells that thing tells that which is? Yes. But yet, surely he who tells what is, and things that are, tells the truth: so that Dionysodorus, if he tells things that are, tells the truth and speaks no lie about you. Yes, said Ctesippus; but he who speaks as he did, Euthydemus, does not say things that are. Then Euthydemus asked him: And the things which are not, surely are not? They are not. Then nowhere can the things that are not be? Nowhere. Then is it possible for anyone whatever so to deal with these things that are not as to make them be when they are nowhere? I think not, said Ctesippus. Well now, when orators speak before the people, do they do nothing? No, they do something, he replied. Then if they do, they also make? Yes. Now, is speaking doing and making? He agreed that it is. No one, I suppose, speaks what is not - for thereby he would be making something; and you have agreed that one cannot so much as make what is not - so that, by your account, no one speaks what is false, while if Dionysodorus speaks, he speaks what is true and is. Yes, in faith, Euthydemus, said Ctesippus; but somehow or other he speaks what is, only not as it is. How do you mean, Ctesippus? said Dionysodorus. Are there persons who tell things as they are? Why surely, he replied, there are gentlemen - people who speak the truth? Well, he went on, good things are in good case, bad in bad, are they not? He assented. And you admit that gentlemen tell things as they are. I do. Then, Ctesippus, good people speak evil of evil things, if they speak of them as they are. Yes, I can tell you, very much so, when for instance they speak of evil men; among whom, if you take my advice, you will beware of being included, that the good may not speak ill of you. For, I assure you, the good speak ill of the evil. And they speak greatly of the great, asked Euthydemus, and hotly of the hot? Certainly, I presume, said Ctesippus: I know they speak frigidly of the frigid, and call their way of arguing frigid. You are turning abusive, Ctesippus, said Dionysodorus, quite abusive!
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-euthydemus-fr-01
[284a] la dit-il pas ? - Il la dit. - S’il la dit, il ne dit rien autre chose que ce qu’il dit. - Il le faut bien. - Ce qu’il dit, n’est-ce pas une certaine chose ? - Qui en doute ? - Celui qui la dit, dit une chose qui est ? - Oui. - Mais celui qui dit ce qui est, dit la vérité : donc si Dionysodore a dit ce qui est, il a parlé vrai et ne vous a point menti. [284b] - Oui, Euthydème, répondit Ctésippe ; mais qui dit cela ne dit pas ce qui est. - Alors Euthydème : Les choses qui ne sont point ne sont point, n’est-ce pas ? - D’accord. - Les choses qui ne sont point ne sont nullement ? - Nullement. - Mais se peut-il qu’un homme agisse vis-à-vis ce qui n’est pas, et qu’il fasse ce qui n’est en aucune manière ? - Il ne me paraît pas, répondit Ctésippe. - Mais parler devant le peuple, n’est-ce pas agir ? - Oui, certes. - Si [284c] c’est agir, c’est faire ? - Oui. - Parler, c’est donc agir, c’est donc faire ? - Il en convint. - Personne ne dit donc ce qui n’est pas, car il en ferait quelque chose, et tu viens de m’avouer qu’il est impossible de faire ce qui n’est pas. Ainsi, de ton propre aveu, personne ne peut mentir, et si Dionysodore a parlé, il a dit des choses vraies et qui sont effectivement. - Par Jupiter ! Euthydème, répondit Ctésippe, Dionysodore a dit peut-être ce qui est, mais il ne l’a pas dit comme il est. - Que dis-tu, Ctésippe ? repartit Dionysodore ; y a-t-il [284d] des gens qui disent les choses comme elles sont ? - Il y en a, répondit Ctésippe, et ce sont les gens de bien, les hommes véridiques. - Mais, reprit Dionysodore, le bien n’est-il pas bien, et le mal n’est-il pas mal ? - Il l’avoua. - Et tu soutiens que les hommes honnêtes disent les choses comme elles sont ? - Je le prétends. - Les honnêtes gens disent donc mal le mal, puisqu’ils disent les choses comme elles sont ? - Par Jupiter ! oui, reprit Ctésippe, et surtout ils parlent mal des malhonnêtes gens : c’est pourquoi, crois-moi, prends garde que tu ne sois de ce nombre, [284e] de peur qu’ils ne disent du mal de toi. Car, sache-le bien, les bons parlent mal des méchans. - Et des grands hommes, en parlent-ils grandement, interrompit Euthydème, et des brusques brusquement ? - Oui, reprit Ctésippe, et des ridicules ridiculement ; et ils disent que leurs discours sont ridicules. - Oh ! oh ! repartit Dionysodore, tu dis des injures, Ctésippe, tu dis des injures - Non, par Jupiter ! Dionysodore, je t’estime trop ; mais je t’avertis en ami, et je tâche de te persuader de ne jamais me dire en face et si rudement que je souhaite
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Dialectic
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Faith
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Family
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Moral rightness and utility
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Impressions and assent
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Justice
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Logos of nature
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Messiah
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Sin
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Time
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Truth
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War and peace
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