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Plato

Euthydemus Passage 286

Passage 16 of 37

Canonical reference 286

Ancient Greek

perseus-plato-euthydemus-grc

ΣΩ. τί οὖν; ἦ δʼ ὅς· εἰσὶν ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὄντων λόγοι; - πάνυ γε. - οὐκοῦν ὡς ἔστιν ἕκαστον ἢ ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν; ὡς ἔστιν. - εἰ γὰρ μέμνησαι, ἔφη, ὦ Κτήσιππε, καὶ ἄρτι ἐπεδείξαμεν μηδένα λέγοντα ὡς οὐκ ἔστι· τὸ γὰρ μὴ ὂν οὐδεὶς ἐφάνη λέγων. - τί οὖν δὴ τοῦτο; ἦ δʼ ὃς ὁ Κτήσιππος· ἧττόν τι ἀντιλέγομεν ἐγώ τε καὶ σύ; - πότερον οὖν, ἦ δʼ ὅς, ἀντιλέγοιμεν ἂν τοῦ αὐτοῦ πράγματος λόγον ἀμφότεροι λέγοντες, ἢ οὕτω μὲν ἂν δήπου ταὐτὰ λέγοιμεν; - συνεχώρει. - ἀλλʼ ὅταν μηδέτερος, ἔφη, τὸν τοῦ πράγματος λόγον λέγῃ, τότε ἀντιλέγοιμεν ἄν; ἢ οὕτω γε τὸ παράπαν οὐδʼ ἂν μεμνημένος εἴη τοῦ πράγματος οὐδέτερος ἡμῶν; - καὶ τοῦτο συνωμολόγει. - ἀλλʼ ἄρα, ὅταν ἐγὼ μὲν τὸν τοῦ πράγματος λόγον λέγω, σὺ δὲ ἄλλου τινὸς ἄλλον, τότε ἀντιλέγομεν; ἢ ἐγὼ λέγω μὲν τὸ πρᾶγμα, σὺ δὲ οὐδὲ λέγεις τὸ παράπαν; ὁ δὲ μὴ λέγων τῷ λέγοντι πῶς ἂν ἀντιλέγοι; καὶ ὁ μὲν Κτήσιππος ἐσίγησεν· ἐγὼ δὲ θαυμάσας τὸν λόγον, πῶς, ἔφην, ὦ Διονυσόδωρε, λέγεις; οὐ γάρ τοι ἀλλὰ τοῦτόν γε τὸν λόγον πολλῶν δὴ καὶ πολλάκις ἀκηκοὼς ἀεὶ θαυμάζω - καὶ γὰρ οἱ ἀμφὶ Πρωταγόραν σφόδρα ἐχρῶντο αὐτῷ καὶ οἱ ἔτι παλαιότεροι· ἐμοὶ δὲ ἀεὶ θαυμαστός τις δοκεῖ εἶναι καὶ τούς τε ἄλλους ἀνατρέπων καὶ αὐτὸς αὑτόν - οἶμαι δὲ αὐτοῦ τὴν ἀλήθειαν παρὰ σοῦ κάλλιστα πεύσεσθαι. ἄλλο τι ψευδῆ λέγειν οὐκ ἔστιν; - τοῦτο γὰρ δύναται ὁ λόγος· ἦ γάρ; - ἀλλʼ ἢ λέγοντʼ ἀληθῆ λέγειν ἢ μὴ λέγειν; συνεχώρει. πότερον οὖν ψευδῆ μὲν λέγειν οὐκ ἔστι, δοξάζειν μέντοι ἔστιν; οὐδὲ δοξάζειν, ἔφη. οὐδʼ ἄρα ψευδής, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, δόξα ἔστι τὸ παράπαν. οὐκ ἔφη. οὐδʼ ἄρα ἀμαθία οὐδʼ ἀμαθεῖς ἄνθρωποι· ἢ οὐ τοῦτʼ ἂν εἴη ἀμαθία, εἴπερ εἴη, τὸ ψεύδεσθαι τῶν πραγμάτων; πάνυ γε, ἔφη. ἀλλὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστιν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ. οὐκ ἔφη. λόγου ἕνεκα, ὦ Διονυσόδωρε, λέγεις τὸν λόγον, ἵνα δὴ ἄτοπον λέγῃς, ἢ ὡς ἀληθῶς δοκεῖ σοι οὐδεὶς εἶναι ἀμαθὴς ἀνθρώπων; ἀλλὰ σύ, ἔφη, ἔλεγξον. ἦ καὶ ἔστι τοῦτο κατὰ τὸν σὸν λόγον, ἐξελέγξαι, μηδενὸς ψευδομένου; οὐκ ἔστιν, ἔφη ὁ Εὐθύδημος. οὐδʼ ἄρα ἐκέλευεν, ἔφην ἐγώ, νυνδὴ Διονυσόδωρος ἐξελέγξαι; τὸ γὰρ μὴ ὂν πῶς ἄν τις κελεύσαι; σὺ δὲ κελεύεις; ὅτι, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ὦ Εὐθύδημε, τὰ σοφὰ ταῦτα καὶ τὰ εὖ ἔχοντα οὐ πάνυ τι μανθάνω, ἀλλὰ παχέως πως ἐννοῶ. ἴσως μὲν οὖν φορτικώτερόν τι ἐρήσομαι, ἀλλὰ συγγίγνωσκε.

English

Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-euthydemus-en

Soc. Well then, proceeded the other, each thing that is has its own description? Certainly. Then do you mean, as each is, or as it is not? As it is. Yes, he said, for if you recollect, Ctesippus, we showed just now that no one speaks of a thing as it is not; since we saw that no one speaks what is not. Well, what of that? asked Ctesippus: are you and I contradicting any the less? Now tell me, he said, could we contradict if we both spoke the description of the same thing? In this case should we not surely speak the same words? He agreed. But when neither of us speaks the description of the thing, he asked, then we should contradict? Or in this case shall we say that neither of us touched on the matter at all? This also he admitted. Well now, when I for my part speak the description of the thing, while you give another of another thing, do we contradict then? Or do I describe the thing, while you do not describe it at all? How can he who does not describe contradict him who does? At this Ctesippus was silent; but I, wondering at the argument, said: How do you mean, Dionysodorus? For, to be plain with you, this argument, though I have heard it from many people on various occasions, never fails to set me wondering - you know the followers of Protagoras made great use of it, as did others even before his time, but to me it always seems to have a wonderful way of upsetting not merely other views but itself also - and I believe I shall learn the truth of it from you far better than from anyone else. There is no such thing as speaking false - that is the substance of your statement, is it not? Either one must speak and speak the truth, or else not speak? He agreed. Then shall we say that speaking false is not, but thinking false is ? No, it is the same with thinking, he said. So neither is there any false opinion, I said, at all. No, he said. Nor ignorance, nor ignorant men; or must not ignorance occur, if it ever can, when we put things falsely? Certainly, he said. But there is no such thing as this, I said. No, he said. Is it merely to save your statement, Dionysodorus, that you state it so - just to say something startling - or is it really and truly your view that there is no such thing as an ignorant man? But you, he replied, are to refute me. Well, does your argument allow of such a thing as refutation, if there is nobody to speak false? There is no such thing, said Euthydemus. So neither did Dionysodorus just now bid me refute him? I asked. No, for how can one bid something that is not? Do you bid such a thing? Well, Euthydemus, I said, it is because I do not at all understand these clever devices and palpable hits: I am only a dull sort of thinker. And so I may perhaps be going to say something rather clownish; but you must forgive me.

French

Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-euthydemus-fr-01

[286a] - Comme elles sont. - Car, s’il t’en souvient, Ctésippe, nous avons prouvé tout à l’heure que personne ne dit ce qui n’est pas ; on n’a pas encore entendu dire un rien. - Eh bien, reprit Ctésippe, nous contredisons-nous moins pour cela, toi et moi ? - Nous contredirions-nous si nous savions tous deux ce qu’il faut dire d’une chose ? ou plutôt ne dirions-nous pas alors tous deux la même chose ? - Ctésippe l’avoua. - Mais nous contredisons-nous, quand ni l’un ni l’autre nous ne disons point la chose comme elle est, ou n’est-il pas plus vrai qu’alors ni l’un ni l’autre ne parle de la chose ? - Ctésippe l’avoua encore, - Mais quand je dis ce qu’une chose est, et que tu dis [286b] une autre chose, nous contredisons-nous alors ? ou plutôt ne parle-je pas, moi, de cette chose, tandis que toi, tu n’en parles pas du tout ? Et comment celui qui ne parle pas d’une chose pourrait-il contredire celui qui en parle ? - À cela, Ctésippe resta muet. Pour moi, étonné de ce que j’entendais : Comment dis-tu cela, Dionysodore ? lui demandai-je ; j’ai souvent entendu [286c] mettre en avant cette proposition, et je l’admire toujours. L’école de Protagoras et même de plus anciens philosophes s’en servaient ordinairement. Elle m’a toujours semblé merveilleuse, et tout détruire et se détruire elle-même. J’espère que tu m’en apprendras mieux qu’un autre la vraie raison. On ne peut pas dire des choses fausses : c’est là le sens de la proposition, n’est-ce pas ? Il faut nécessairement que celui qui parle dise la vérité, ou qu’il ne dise rien du tout ? - Dionysodore l’avoua. - [286d] Veut-on dire par là qu’il est impossible de dire des choses fausses, et qu’il est seulement possible d’en penser ? - Non, pas même d’en penser, me dit-il. - Il n’y a donc point d’opinion fausse ? - Non, répondit-il. - C’est-à-dire qu’il n’y a point d’ignorance ni d’ignorans ; car si on pouvait se tromper, ce serait ignorance. - Assurément, dit-il. - Mais cela ne se peut. - Non, certainement. - Ne parles-tu de la sorte, Dionysodore, que pour parler et nous étonner, ou crois-tu en effet qu’il n’y ait point d’ignorans au monde ? [286e] - Mais c’est à toi à me prouver le contraire. - Et cela se peut-il, selon ton opinion, et y a-t-il moyen de réfuter, si personne ne se trompe ? - Non, dit Euthydème, c’est impossible. - Aussi ne t’ai-je pas demandé, reprit Dionysodore, de réfuter ; car comment demander ce qui n’est pas ? - O Euthydème ! lui dis-je, je ne comprends pas encore à fond toutes ces belles choses ; mais je commence cependant à voir jour un peu. Peut-être vais-je te faire une question assez niaise, mais pardonne-la-moi.

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