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Plato
Menexenus Passage 244
Passage 11 of 16
Canonical reference 244
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-menexenus-grc
ΣΩ. ἔκ τε γὰρ τοῦ Πειραιῶς καὶ τοῦ ἄστεως ὡς ἁσμένως καὶ οἰκείως ἀλλήλοις συνέμειξαν οἱ πολῖται καὶ παρʼ ἐλπίδα τοῖς ἄλλοις Ἕλλησι, τόν τε πρὸς τοὺς Ἐλευσῖνι πόλεμον ὡς μετρίως ἔθεντο· καὶ τούτων ἁπάντων οὐδὲν ἄλλʼ αἴτιον ἢ ἡ τῷ ὄντι συγγένεια, φιλίαν βέβαιον καὶ ὁμόφυλον οὐ λόγῳ ἀλλʼ ἔργῳ παρεχομένη. χρὴ δὲ καὶ τῶν ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πολέμῳ τελευτησάντων ὑπʼ ἀλλήλων μνείαν ἔχειν καὶ διαλλάττειν αὐτοὺς ᾧ δυνάμεθα, εὐχαῖς καὶ θυσίαις, ἐν τοῖς τοιοῖσδε, τοῖς κρατοῦσιν αὐτῶν εὐχομένους, ἐπειδὴ καὶ ἡμεῖς διηλλάγμεθα. οὐ γὰρ κακίᾳ ἀλλήλων ἥψαντο οὐδʼ ἔχθρᾳ ἀλλὰ δυστυχίᾳ. μάρτυρες δὲ ἡμεῖς αὐτοί ἐσμεν τούτων οἱ ζῶντες· οἱ αὐτοὶ γὰρ ὄντες ἐκείνοις γένει συγγνώμην ἀλλήλοις ἔχομεν ὧν τʼ ἐποιήσαμεν ὧν τʼ ἐπάθομεν. μετὰ δὲ τοῦτο παντελῶς εἰρήνης ἡμῖν γενομένης, ἡσυχίαν ἦγεν ἡ πόλις, τοῖς μὲν βαρβάροις συγγιγνώσκουσα, ὅτι παθόντες ὑπʼ αὐτῆς κακῶς ἱκανῶς οὐκ ἐνδεῶς ἠμύναντο, τοῖς δὲ Ἕλλησιν ἀγανακτοῦσα, μεμνημένη ὡς εὖ παθόντες ὑπʼ αὐτῆς οἵαν χάριν ἀπέδοσαν, κοινωσάμενοι τοῖς βαρβάροις, τάς τε ναῦς περιελόμενοι αἵ ποτʼ ἐκείνους ἔσωσαν, καὶ τείχη καθελόντες ἀνθʼ ὧν ἡμεῖς τἀκείνων ἐκωλύσαμεν πεσεῖν· διανοουμένη δὲ ἡ πόλις μὴ ἂν ἔτι ἀμῦναι μήτε Ἕλλησι πρὸς ἀλλήλων δουλουμένοις μήτε ὑπὸ βαρβάρων, οὕτως ᾤκει. ἡμῶν οὖν ἐν τοιαύτῃ διανοίᾳ ὄντων ἡγησάμενοι Λακεδαιμόνιοι τοὺς μὲν τῆς ἐλευθερίας ἐπικούρους πεπτωκέναι ἡμᾶς, σφέτερον δὲ ἤδη ἔργον εἶναι καταδουλοῦσθαι τοὺς ἄλλους, ταῦτʼ ἔπραττον. καὶ μηκύνειν μὲν τί δεῖ; οὐ γὰρ πάλαι οὐδὲ παλαιῶν ἀνθρώπων γεγονότα λέγοιμʼ ἂν τὰ μετὰ ταῦτα· αὐτοὶ γὰρ ἴσμεν ὡς ἐκπεπληγμένοι ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως τῶν τε Ἑλλήνων οἱ πρῶτοι, Ἀργεῖοι καὶ Βοιωτοὶ καὶ Κορίνθιοι, καὶ τό γε θειότατον πάντων, τὸ καὶ βασιλέα εἰς τοῦτο ἀπορίας ἀφικέσθαι, ὥστε περιστῆναι αὐτῷ μηδαμόθεν ἄλλοθεν τὴν σωτηρίαν γενέσθαι ἀλλʼ ἢ ἐκ ταύτης τῆς πόλεως, ἣν προθύμως ἀπώλλυ. καὶ δὴ καὶ εἴ τις βούλοιτο τῆς πόλεως κατηγορῆσαι δικαίως, τοῦτʼ ἂν μόνον λέγων ὀρθῶς ἂν κατηγοροῖ, ὡς ἀεὶ λίαν φιλοικτίρμων ἐστὶ καὶ τοῦ ἥττονος θεραπίς.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-menexenus-en
Soc. So kindly and so friendly was the way in which the citizens from the Peiraeus and from the city consorted with one another, and also - beyond men’s hopes - with the other Greeks; and such moderation did they show in their settlement of the war against the men at Eleusis . And the cause of all these actions was nothing else than that genuine kinship which produces, not in word only but in deed, a firm friendship founded on community of race. And of those who fell in this war also it is meet to make mention and to reconcile them by such means as we can under present conditions, - by prayer, that is, and by sacrifice, - praying for them to those that have them in their keeping, seeing that we ourselves also have been reconciled. For it was not through wickedness that they set upon one another, nor yet through hatred, but through misfortune. And to this we ourselves, who now live, can testify; for we who are of the same stock as they grant forgiveness to one another both for what we have done and what we have suffered. After this, when peace was completely re-established, the city remained quiet, granting forgiveness to the barbarians for the vigorous defence they had offered when she had done them injury, but feeling aggrieved with the Greeks at the thought of the return they had made for the benefits she had done them, in that they joined themselves to the barbarians, and stripped her of those ships which had once been the means of their own salvation, and demolished her walls as a recompense for our saving their walls from ruin. Our city, therefore, resolved that never again would she succour Greeks when in danger of enslavement either by one another or at the hands of barbarians; and in this mind she abode. Such then being our policy, the Lacedaemonians supposed that we, the champions of liberty, were laid low, and that it was now open to them to enslave the rest, and this they proceeded to do. But why should I prolong the story? For what followed next is no tale of ancient history about men of long ago. Nay, we ourselves know how the Argives, the Boeotians and the Corinthians - the leading States of Greece - came to need our city, being stricken with terror, and how even the Persian king himself - most marvellous fact of all - was reduced to such a state of distress that eventually he could hope for salvation from no other quarter save this city of ours which he had been so eager to destroy. And in truth, if one desired to frame a just accusation against the city, the only true accusation one could bring would be this, - that she has always been compassionate to excess and the handmaid of the weak.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-menexenus-fr-01
[244a] Ne cherchons point d’autre cause de tous ces évènemens que la communauté d’origine, qui produit une amitié durable et fraternelle, fondée sur des faits et non sur des mots. Il est donc juste de rappeler aussi la mémoire de ceux qui périrent dans cette guerre les uns par les autres, et, puisque nous sommes réconciliés nous-mêmes, de les réconcilier aussi, autant qu’il est en nous, dans ces solennités, par des prières et des sacrifices, en adressant nos vœux à ceux qui les gouvernent maintenant ; car ce ne fut ni la méchanceté, [244b] ni la haine, qui les mirent aux prises, ce fut une fatalité malheureuse ; nous en sommes la preuve nous qui vivons encore. Issus du même sang qu’eux, nous nous pardonnons réciproquement et ce que nous avons fait et ce que nous avons souffert. La paix étant rétablie de tous côtés, Athènes, parfaitement tranquille, pardonna aux barbares, qui n’avaient fait que saisir avec empressement l’occasion de se venger des maux qu’elle leur avait causés ; mais elle était profondément indignée contre les Grecs. Elle se rappelait de quelle ingratitude ils avaient payé [244c] ses bienfaits ; qu’ils s’étaient unis aux barbares, avaient détruit les vaisseaux qui naguère les avaient sauvés, et renversé nos murs, quand nous avions empêché la chute des leurs. Elle résolut donc de ne plus s’employer à défendre la liberté des Grecs, ni contre d’autres Grecs, ni contre les barbares, et elle accomplit sa résolution. Pendant que nous étions dans cette disposition, les Lacédémoniens, regardant les Athéniens, ces défenseurs de la liberté, comme abattus, [244d] crurent que rien ne les empêchait plus de donner des fers au reste de la Grèce. Mais pourquoi raconter au long les évènemens qui suivirent ? ils ne sont pas si éloignés, et n’appartiennent pas à une autre génération. Nous-mêmes nous avons vu les premières nations de la Grèce, les Argiens, les Béotiens et les Corinthiens venir, tout épouvantées, implorer le secours de la république ; et, ce qui est le plus merveilleux, nous avons vu le grand roi réduit à cet excès de détresse, de ne pouvoir espérer son salut que de cette ville même, à la destruction de laquelle [244e] il avait tant travaillé. Et certes, le seul reproche mérité qu’on pourrait faire à cette ville serait d’avoir été toujours trop compatissante et trop portée à secourir le plus faible. Alors encore elle ne sut pas résister, et persévérer dans sa résolution de ne jamais secourir la liberté
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Aporia
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Civic duty
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Community
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Compassion
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Compassion as moral basis
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Desire
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Dialectic
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Dukkha
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Family
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Forgiveness
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Intelligible forms
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Fortune
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Freedom
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Friendship
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Hope
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Justice
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Law
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Memory
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Mode
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Peace
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Prayer
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Salvation
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Sin
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Slavery
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Suffering
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Tranquillity
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Truth
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War and peace
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Worship
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