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Plato
Menexenus Passage 246
Passage 13 of 16
Canonical reference 246
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-menexenus-grc
ΣΩ. ἀνδρῶν μέντοι ἀγαθῶν καὶ ἐν τούτῳ τῷ πολέμῳ ἐστερήθημεν, τῶν τε ἐν Κορίνθῳ χρησαμένων δυσχωρίᾳ καὶ ἐν Λεχαίῳ προδοσίᾳ· ἀγαθοὶ δὲ καὶ οἱ βασιλέα ἐλευθερώσαντες καὶ ἐκβαλόντες ἐκ τῆς θαλάττης Λακεδαιμονίους· ὧν ἐγὼ μὲν ὑμᾶς ἀναμιμνῄσκω, ὑμᾶς δὲ πρέπει συνεπαινεῖν τε καὶ κοσμεῖν τοιούτους ἄνδρας. καὶ τὰ μὲν δὴ ἔργα ταῦτα τῶν ἀνδρῶν τῶν ἐνθάδε κειμένων καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ὅσοι ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως τετελευτήκασι, πολλὰ μὲν τὰ εἰρημένα καὶ καλά, πολὺ δʼ ἔτι πλείω καὶ καλλίω τὰ ὑπολειπόμενα· πολλαὶ γὰρ ἂν ἡμέραι καὶ νύκτες οὐχ ἱκαναὶ γένοιντο τῷ τὰ πάντα μέλλοντι περαίνειν. τούτων οὖν χρὴ μεμνημένους τοῖς τούτων ἐκγόνοις πάντʼ ἄνδρα παρακελεύεσθαι, ὥσπερ ἐν πολέμῳ, μὴ λείπειν τὴν τάξιν τὴν τῶν προγόνων μηδʼ εἰς τοὐπίσω ἀναχωρεῖν εἴκοντας κάκῃ. ἐγὼ μὲν οὖν καὶ αὐτός, ὦ παῖδες ἀνδρῶν ἀγαθῶν, νῦν τε παρακελεύομαι καὶ ἐν τῷ λοιπῷ χρόνῳ, ὅπου ἄν τῳ ἐντυγχάνω ὑμῶν, καὶ ἀναμνήσω καὶ διακελεύσομαι προθυμεῖσθαι εἶναι ὡς ἀρίστους· ἐν δὲ τῷ παρόντι δίκαιός εἰμι εἰπεῖν ἃ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῖν ἐπέσκηπτον ἀπαγγέλλειν τοῖς ἀεὶ λειπομένοις, εἴ τι πάσχοιεν, ἡνίκα κινδυνεύσειν ἔμελλον. φράσω δὲ ὑμῖν ἅ τε αὐτῶν ἤκουσα ἐκείνων καὶ οἷα νῦν ἡδέως ἂν εἴποιεν ὑμῖν λαβόντες δύναμιν, τεκμαιρόμενος ἐξ ὧν τότε ἔλεγον. ἀλλὰ νομίζειν χρὴ αὐτῶν ἀκούειν ἐκείνων ἃ ἂν ἀπαγγέλλω· ἔλεγον δὲ τάδε - ὦ παῖδες, ὅτι μέν ἐστε πατέρων ἀγαθῶν, αὐτὸ μηνύει τὸ νῦν παρόν· ἡμῖν δὲ ἐξὸν ζῆν μὴ καλῶς, καλῶς αἱρούμεθα μᾶλλον τελευτᾶν, πρὶν ὑμᾶς τε καὶ τοὺς ἔπειτα εἰς ὀνείδη καταστῆσαι καὶ πρὶν τοὺς ἡμετέρους πατέρας καὶ πᾶν τὸ πρόσθεν γένος αἰσχῦναι, ἡγούμενοι τῷ τοὺς αὑτοῦ αἰσχύναντι ἀβίωτον εἶναι, καὶ τῷ τοιούτῳ οὔτε τινὰ ἀνθρώπων οὔτε θεῶν φίλον εἶναι οὔτʼ ἐπὶ γῆς οὔθʼ ὑπὸ γῆς τελευτήσαντι. χρὴ οὖν μεμνημένους τῶν ἡμετέρων λόγων, ἐάν τι καὶ ἄλλο ἀσκῆτε, ἀσκεῖν μετʼ ἀρετῆς, εἰδότας ὅτι τούτου λειπόμενα πάντα καὶ κτήματα καὶ ἐπιτηδεύματα αἰσχρὰ καὶ κακά. οὔτε γὰρ πλοῦτος κάλλος φέρει τῷ κεκτημένῳ μετʼ ἀνανδρίας - ἄλλῳ γὰρ ὁ τοιοῦτος πλουτεῖ καὶ οὐχ ἑαυτῷ - οὔτε σώματος κάλλος καὶ ἰσχὺς δειλῷ καὶ κακῷ συνοικοῦντα πρέποντα φαίνεται ἀλλʼ ἀπρεπῆ, καὶ ἐπιφανέστερον ποιεῖ τὸν ἔχοντα καὶ ἐκφαίνει τὴν δειλίαν·
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-menexenus-en
Soc. Yet truly in this war also we suffered the loss of valiant men, - the men who had difficult ground to cope with at Corinth and treachery at Lechaeum ; valiant, too, were the men who rescued the King and drove the Lacedaemonians off the seas. These men I recall to your memory, and you it becomes to join in praising and celebrating men such as these. And now we have related many of the noble deeds done by the men who are lying here, and by all the others who have died in defence of their city; yet far more numerous and more noble are those that remain unmentioned; for many days and nights would not suffice were one to relate them all in full. Wherefore it is right that every man, bearing these men in mind, should exhort these men’s children, just as in time of war, not to fall out of rank with their fathers nor to give way to cowardice and beat a retreat. And I myself for my own part, o ye children of valiant men, am now exhorting you and in the future, wheresoever I shall encounter any of you, I shall continue to remind you and admonish you to be zealous to show yourselves supremely valiant. But on this occasion it is my duty to record the message which your fathers, at the time when they were about to risk their lives, enjoined us, in case any ill befell them, to give to those who survived them. I will repeat to you both the words which I heard from their lips and those which they would now desire to say to you, if they had the power, judging from what they actually said on that occasion. You must, however, imagine that you are hearing from their own lips the message which I shall deliver. This, then, is what they said: O children, that ye are born of valiant sires is clearly shown by the facts now before you: we, who might have ignobly lived choose rather to die nobly, before we bring you and those after you to disgrace, and before we bring shame upon our own fathers and all our earlier forebears, since we deem that life is unworthy to be lived for the man who brings shame upon his own, and that such an one has no friend amongst gods or man, either here on earth, or under the earth when he is dead. Wherefore ye must bear in mind our words, and whatsoever else ye practice ye must practice it in union with valor, being well assured that when divorced from this all possessions and pursuits are base and ignoble. For neither does wealth bring honor to its possessor if combined with cowardice - for such an one is rich for another rather than for himself, - nor do beauty and strength appear comely, but rather uncomely, when they are attached to one that is cowardly and base, since they make their possessor more conspicuous and show up his cowardice;
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-menexenus-fr-01
[246a] par trahison. Ils étaient braves aussi ceux qui délivrèrent le roi de Perse et chassèrent les Lacédémoniens de la mer. Je vous en rappelle le souvenir, et vous devez vous joindre à moi pour louer et célébrer ces excellens citoyens. Je vous ai retracé les actions de ceux qui reposent ici, et de tous les autres qui sont morts pour la patrie. Sans doute elles sont belles et nombreuses : [246b] cependant j’en ai tu un plus grand nombre encore de plus éclatantes ; une suite de plusieurs jours et de plusieurs nuits ne suffirait pas à celui qui voudrait les raconter toutes. Que tous les citoyens, l’âme remplie de ces grandes actions, exhortent donc les descendans de ces vaillans hommes, comme ils le feraient un jour de bataille, à ne pas quitter le rang de leurs ancêtres, à ne pas reculer ni lâcher le pied honteusement. Enfants de braves, et moi aussi je vous exhorte en ce jour, et, partout où je vous rencontrerai, [246c] je vous exhorterai, je vous sommerai de faire tous vos efforts pour devenir tout ce que vous pouvez être. Quant à présent, je dois vous répéter ce que vos pères, au moment de livrer la bataille, nous ont chargés de rapporter à leurs enfans, s’il leur arrivait quelque malheur. Je vous dirai ce que j’ai entendu d’eux, et ce qu’ils ne manqueraient pas de vous dire eux-mêmes, s’ils le pouvaient ; j’en juge au moins par les discours qu’ils tenaient alors. Représentez-vous donc que vous entendez de leur propre bouche ce que je vous dis. Voici leurs paroles : [246d] Enfans, ce que vous voyez autour de vous atteste assez de quel noble sang vous êtes sortis. Nous pouvions vivre sans honneur, nous avons préféré une mort honorable, plutôt que de condamner à l’infamie vous et notre postérité, et de faire rougir nos pères et tous nos ancêtres. Nous avons pensé que celui qui déshonore les siens ne mérite pas de vivre, et qu’il ne peut être aimé ni des dieux ni des hommes, ni en ce monde ni dans l’autre. Rappelez-vous donc toujours nos paroles et n’entreprenez rien [246e] que la vertu ne soit avec vous, persuadés que sans elle tout ce qu’on acquiert, tout ce qu’on apprend, tourne en mal et en ignominie. Les richesses n’ajoutent point d’éclat à la vie d’un homme sans courage : il est riche pour les autres, et non pas pour lui-même. La force et la beauté du corps ne sauraient non plus avoir de grâce dans l’homme timide et sans cœur ; elles y sont messéantes, l’exposent à un plus grand jour et rendent sa lâcheté plus manifeste. Le talent même, séparé
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Courage
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Death
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Desire
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Dialectic
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Duty
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Education
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Ether and field
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Family
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Force
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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God
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Justice
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Liberation
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Memory
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Messiah
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Philosophical eros
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Political union
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Recollection
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Roles and relationships
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Sin
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Time
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Virtue
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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