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Plato
Meno Passage 90
Passage 21 of 31
Canonical reference 90
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-meno-grc
ΣΩ. πολλάκις γοῦν ζητῶν εἴ τινες εἶεν αὐτῆς διδάσκαλοι, πάντα ποιῶν οὐ δύναμαι εὑρεῖν. καίτοι μετὰ πολλῶν γε ζητῶ, καὶ τούτων μάλιστα οὓς ἂν οἴωμαι ἐμπειροτάτους εἶναι τοῦ πράγματος. καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν, ὦ Μένων, εἰς καλὸν ἡμῖν Ἄνυτος ὅδε παρεκαθέζετο, ᾧ μεταδῶμεν τῆς ζητήσεως. εἰκότως δʼ ἂν μεταδοῖμεν· Ἄνυτος γὰρ ὅδε πρῶτον μέν ἐστι πατρὸς πλουσίου τε καὶ σοφοῦ Ἀνθεμίωνος, ὃς ἐγένετο πλούσιος οὐκ ἀπὸ τοῦ αὐτομάτου οὐδὲ δόντος τινός, ὥσπερ ὁ νῦν νεωστὶ εἰληφὼς τὰ Πολυκράτους χρήματα Ἰσμηνίας ὁ Θηβαῖος, ἀλλὰ τῇ αὑτοῦ σοφίᾳ κτησάμενος καὶ ἐπιμελείᾳ, ἔπειτα καὶ τὰ ἄλλα οὐχ ὑπερήφανος δοκῶν εἶναι πολίτης οὐδὲ ὀγκώδης τε καὶ ἐπαχθής, ἀλλὰ κόσμιος καὶ εὐσταλὴς ἀνήρ· ἔπειτα τοῦτον εὖ ἔθρεψεν καὶ ἐπαίδευσεν, ὡς δοκεῖ Ἀθηναίων τῷ πλήθει· αἱροῦνται γοῦν αὐτὸν ἐπὶ τὰς μεγίστας ἀρχάς. δίκαιον δὴ μετὰ τοιούτων ζητεῖν ἀρετῆς πέρι διδασκάλους, εἴτʼ εἰσὶν εἴτε μή, καὶ οἵτινες. σὺ οὖν ἡμῖν, ὦ Ἄνυτε, συζήτησον, ἐμοί τε καὶ τῷ σαυτοῦ ξένῳ Μένωνι τῷδε, περὶ τούτου τοῦ πράγματος τίνες ἂν εἶεν διδάσκαλοι. ὧδε δὲ σκέψαι· εἰ βουλοίμεθα Μένωνα τόνδε ἀγαθὸν ἰατρὸν γενέσθαι, παρὰ τίνας ἂν αὐτὸν πέμποιμεν διδασκάλους; ἆρʼ οὐ παρὰ τοὺς ἰατρούς; ΑΝ. πάνυ γε. ΣΩ. τί δʼ εἰ σκυτοτόμον ἀγαθὸν βουλοίμεθα γενέσθαι, ἆρʼ οὐ παρὰ τοὺς σκυτοτόμους; ΑΝ. ναί. ΣΩ. καὶ τἆλλα οὕτως; ΑΝ. πάνυ γε. ΣΩ. ὧδε δή μοι πάλιν περὶ τῶν αὐτῶν εἰπέ. παρὰ τοὺς ἰατρούς, φαμέν, πέμποντες τόνδε καλῶς ἂν ἐπέμπομεν, βουλόμενοι ἰατρὸν γενέσθαι· ἆρʼ ὅταν τοῦτο λέγωμεν, τόδε λέγομεν, ὅτι παρὰ τούτους πέμποντες αὐτὸν σωφρονοῖμεν ἄν, τοὺς ἀντιποιουμένους τε τῆς τέχνης μᾶλλον ἢ τοὺς μή, καὶ τοὺς μισθὸν πραττομένους ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τούτῳ, ἀποφήναντας αὑτοὺς διδασκάλους τοῦ βουλομένου ἰέναι τε καὶ μανθάνειν; ἆρʼ οὐ πρὸς ταῦτα βλέψαντες καλῶς ἂν πέμποιμεν; ΑΝ. ναί. ΣΩ. οὐκοῦν καὶ περὶ αὐλήσεως καὶ τῶν ἄλλων τὰ αὐτὰ ταῦτα; πολλὴ ἄνοιά ἐστι βουλομένους αὐλητήν τινα ποιῆσαι παρὰ μὲν τοὺς ὑπισχνουμένους διδάξειν τὴν τέχνην καὶ μισθὸν πραττομένους μὴ ἐθέλειν πέμπειν, ἄλλοις δέ τισιν πράγματα παρέχειν, ζητοῦντα μανθάνειν παρὰ τούτων, οἳ μήτε προσποιοῦνται διδάσκαλοι εἶναι μήτʼ ἔστιν αὐτῶν μαθητὴς μηδεὶς τούτου τοῦ μαθήματος ὃ ἡμεῖς ἀξιοῦμεν μανθάνειν παρʼ αὐτῶν ὃν ἂν πέμπωΜΕΝ. οὐ πολλή σοι δοκεῖ ἀλογία εἶναι; ΑΝ. ναὶ μὰ Δία ἔμοιγε, καὶ ἀμαθία γε πρός.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-meno-en
Soc. I must say I have often inquired whether there were any, but for all my pains I cannot find one. And yet many have shared the search with me, and particularly those persons whom I regard as best qualified for the task. But look, Meno: here, at the very moment when he was wanted, we have Anytus sitting down beside us, to take his share in our quest. And we may well ask his assistance; for our friend Anytus, in the first place, is the son of a wise and wealthy father, Anthemion, who became rich not by a fluke or a gift - like that man the other day, Ismenias the Theban, who has come into the fortune of a Polycrates - but as the product of his own skill and industry ; and secondly, he has the name of being in general a well-conducted, mannerly person, not insolent towards his fellow-citizens or arrogant and annoying; and further, he gave his son a good upbringing and education, as the Athenian people think, for they choose him for the highest offices. This is the sort of man to whom one may look for help in the inquiry as to whether there are teachers of virtue or not, and who they may be. So please, Anytus, join with me and your family-friend Meno in our inquiry about this matter - who can be the teachers. Consider it thus: if we wanted Meno here to be a good doctor, to whom should we send him for instruction? Would it not be to the doctors? An. Certainly. Soc. And if we wanted him to become a good cobbler, should we not send him to the cobblers? An. Yes. Soc. And in the same way with every other trade? An. Certainly. Soc. Now let me ask you something more about these same instances. We should be right, we say, in sending him to the doctors if we wanted him to be a doctor. When we say this, do we mean that we should be wise in sending him to those who profess the art rather than those who do not, and to those who charge a fee for the particular thing they do, as avowed teachers of anyone who wishes to come and learn of them? If these were our reasons, should we not be right in sending him? An. Yes. Soc. And the same would hold in the case of flute-playing, and so on with the rest? What folly, when we wanted to make someone a flute-player, to refuse to send him to the professed teachers of the art, who charge a regular fee, and to bother with requests for instruction other people who neither set up to be teachers nor have a single pupil in that sort of study which we expect him, when sent, to pursue! Do you not consider this would be grossly unreasonable? An. Yes, on my word, I do, and stupid to boot.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-meno-fr-01
[90a] Faisons-lui part de notre recherche ; nous en avons toutes sortes de raisons. Car, en premier lieu, il est né d’un père riche et sage, nommé Anthémion, qui ne doit point sa fortune au hasard, ni à la libéralité d’autrui, comme Ismémas le Thébain, lequel a hérité depuis peu des biens de Polycrate ; mais qui l’a acquise par sa sagesse et son industrie. Cet Anthémion d’ailleurs ne paraît avoir rien d’arrogant, de fastueux, ni de dédaigneux ; c’est un citoyen modeste [90b] et rangé. De plus, il a très bien élevé et formé son fils, au jugement du peuple athénien : aussi le choisissent-ils pour les plus grandes charges. C’est avec de tels hommes qu’il convient de chercher s’il y a ou non des maîtres de vertu, et quels ils sont. Aide-nous donc, Anytus, moi et Menon ton hôte, dans notre recherche relativement à ceux qui enseignent la vertu. Considère la chose de cette manière. Si nous voulions faire de Menon que voici un bon médecin, [90c] chez quels maîtres l’enverrions-nous ? n’est-ce pas chez les médecins ? ANYTUS. Sans doute. SOCRATE. Mais quoi ! si nous avions en vue qu’il devînt un bon cordonnier, ne l’enverrions-nous point chez les cordonniers ? ANYTUS. Oui. SOCRATE. Et ainsi du reste ? ANYTUS. Sans contredit. SOCRATE. Réponds-moi encore de cette autre manière sur les mêmes objets. Nous aurions raison, disons-nous, de l’envoyer chez les médecins, si nous en voulions faire un médecin. Lorsque nous parlons de la sorte, n’est-ce pas [90d] comme si nous disions que ce serait sagesse de notre part de l’envoyer de préférence chez ceux qui se donnent pour habiles dans cet art, qui prennent un salaire à ce titre, et se proposent à cette condition pour maîtres à quiconque veut aller chez eux prendre des leçons ? N’est-ce point pour tout cela que nous ferions bien de l’envoyer ? ANYTUS. Oui. SOCRATE. N’en est-il pas de même par rapport à l’art de jouer de la flûte, et [90e] aux autres arts ? Si l’on veut faire de quelqu’un un joueur de flûte, c’est une grande folie de ne pas l’envoyer chez ceux qui font profession d’enseigner cet art, et qui exigent de l’argent à ce titre ; et d’en importuner d’autres, en voulant apprendre d’eux ce qu’ils ne se donnent point pour enseigner, et quoiqu’ils n’aient aucun disciple dans la science que nous voudrions voir enseignée à ceux que nous envoyons à leur école. Ne te semble-t-il pas que c’est une grande absurdité ? ANYTUS. Oui, assurément ; c’est une vraie folie. SOCRATE. Tu as raison. Maintenant donc tu peux délibérer avec moi
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Dialectic
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Discipleship
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Education
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Ether and field
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Fortune
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Friendship
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Human wisdom
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Judgment
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Justice
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Messiah
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Mode
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Recollection
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Roles and relationships
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Self-governance
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Sin
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Virtue
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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