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Plato
Socrates in Plato’s Charmides Passage 162
Passage 10 of 24
Canonical reference 162
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-charmides-grc
τί οὖν; ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, δοκεῖ ἄν σοι πόλις εὖ οἰκεῖσθαι ὑπὸ τούτου τοῦ νόμου τοῦ κελεύοντος τὸ ἑαυτοῦ ἱμάτιον ἕκαστον ὑφαίνειν καὶ πλύνειν, καὶ ὑποδήματα σκυτοτομεῖν, καὶ λήκυθον καὶ στλεγγίδα καὶ τἆλλα πάντα κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον, τῶν μὲν ἀλλοτρίων μὴ ἅπτεσθαι, τὰ δὲ ἑαυτοῦ ἕκαστον ἐργάζεσθαί τε καὶ πράττειν; οὐκ ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ, ἦ δʼ ὅς. ἀλλὰ μέντοι, ἔφην ἐγώ, σωφρόνως γε οἰκοῦσα εὖ ἂν οἰκοῖτο. πῶς δʼ οὔκ; ἔφη. οὐκ ἄρα, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, τὸ τὰ τοιαῦτά τε καὶ οὕτω τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν σωφροσύνη ἂν εἴη. οὐ φαίνεται. ἠινίττετο ἄρα, ὡς ἔοικεν, ὅπερ ἄρτι ἐγὼ ἔλεγον, ὁ λέγων τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν σωφροσύνην εἶναι· οὐ γάρ που οὕτω γε ἦν εὐήθης. ἤ τινος ἠλιθίου ἤκουσας τουτὶ λέγοντος, ὦ Χαρμίδη; ἥκιστά γε, ἔφη, ἐπεί τοι καὶ πάνυ ἐδόκει σοφὸς εἶναι. παντὸς τοίνυν μᾶλλον, ὡς ἐμοὶ δοκεῖ, αἴνιγμα αὐτὸ προύβαλεν, ὡς ὂν χαλεπὸν τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν γνῶναι ὅτι ποτε ἔστιν. ἴσως, ἔφη. τί οὖν ἂν εἴη ποτὲ τὸ τὰ αὑτοῦ πράττειν; ἔχεις εἰπεῖν; οὐκ οἶδα μὰ Δία ἔγωγε, ἦ δʼ ὅς· ἀλλʼ ἴσως οὐδὲν κωλύει μηδὲ τὸν λέγοντα μηδὲν εἰδέναι ὅτι ἐνόει. καὶ ἅμα ταῦτα λέγων ὑπεγέλα τε καὶ εἰς τὸν Κριτίαν ἀπέβλεπεν. καὶ ὁ Κριτίας δῆλος μὲν ἦν καὶ πάλαι ἀγωνιῶν καὶ φιλοτίμως πρός τε τὸν Χαρμίδην καὶ πρὸς τοὺς παρόντας ἔχων, μόγις δʼ ἑαυτὸν ἐν τῷ πρόσθεν κατέχων τότε οὐχ οἷός τε ἐγένετο· δοκεῖ γάρ μοι παντὸς μᾶλλον ἀληθὲς εἶναι, ὃ ἐγὼ ὑπέλαβον, τοῦ Κριτίου ἀκηκοέναι τὸν Χαρμίδην ταύτην τὴν ἀπόκρισιν περὶ τῆς σωφροσύνης. ὁ μὲν οὖν Χαρμίδης βουλόμενος μὴ αὐτὸς ὑπέχειν λόγον ἀλλʼ ἐκεῖνον τῆς ἀποκρίσεως, ὑπεκίνει αὐτὸν ἐκεῖνον, καὶ ἐνεδείκνυτο ὡς ἐξεληλεγμένος εἴη· ὁ δʼ οὐκ ἠνέσχετο, ἀλλά μοι ἔδοξεν ὀργισθῆναι αὐτῷ ὥσπερ ποιητὴς ὑποκριτῇ κακῶς διατιθέντι τὰ ἑαυτοῦ ποιήματα. ὥστʼ ἐμβλέψας αὐτῷ εἶπεν, οὕτως οἴει, ὦ Χαρμίδη, εἰ σὺ μὴ οἶσθα ὅτι ποτʼ ἐνόει ὃς ἔφη σωφροσύνην εἶναι τὸ τὰ ἑαυτοῦ πράττειν, οὐδὲ δὴ ἐκεῖνον εἰδέναι; ἀλλʼ, ὦ βέλτιστε, ἔφην ἐγώ, Κριτία, τοῦτον μὲν οὐδὲν θαυμαστὸν ἀγνοεῖν τηλικοῦτον ὄντα· σὲ δέ που εἰκὸς εἰδέναι καὶ ἡλικίας ἕνεκα καὶ ἐπιμελείας. εἰ οὖν συγχωρεῖς τοῦτʼ εἶναι σωφροσύνην ὅπερ οὑτοσὶ λέγει καὶ παραδέχῃ τὸν λόγον, ἔγωγε πολὺ ἂν ἥδιον μετὰ σοῦ σκοποίμην εἴτʼ ἀληθὲς εἴτε μὴ τὸ λεχθέν. ἀλλὰ πάνυ συγχωρῶ, ἔφη, καὶ παραδέχομαι. καλῶς γε σὺ τοίνυν, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, ποιῶν. καί μοι λέγε, ἦ καὶ ἃ νυνδὴ ἠρώτων ἐγὼ συγχωρεῖς, τοὺς δημιουργοὺς πάντας ποιεῖν τι; ἔγωγε.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-charmides-en
Well then, I went on, do you think a state would be well conducted under a law which enjoined that everyone should weave and scour his own coat, and make his own shoes, and his own flask and scraper, and everything else on the same principle of not touching the affairs of others but performing and doing his own for himself? I think not, he replied. But still, I said, a state whose conduct is temperate will be well conducted. Of course, he said. Then doing one’s own business in that sense and in that way will not be temperance. Apparently not. So that person was riddling, it seems, just as I said a moment ago, when he said that doing one’s own business is temperance. For I take it he was not such a fool as all that: or was it some idiot that you heard saying this, Charmides? Far from it, he replied, for indeed he seemed to be very wise. Then it is perfectly certain, in my opinion, that he propounded it as a riddle, in view of the difficulty of understanding what doing one’s own business can mean. I daresay, he said. Well, what can it mean, this doing one’s own business ? Can you tell me? I do not know, upon my word, he replied: but I daresay it may be that not even he who said it knew in the least what he meant. And as he said this he gave a sly laugh and glanced at Critias. Now Critias for some time had been plainly burning with anxiety to distinguish himself in the eyes of Charmides and the company, and having with difficulty restrained himself heretofore, he now could do so no longer; for I believe that what I had supposed was perfectly true - that Charmides had heard this answer about temperance from Critias. And so Charmides, wishing him to make answer instead of himself, sought to stir him up in particular, and pointed out that he himself had been refuted; but Critias rebelled against it, and seemed to me to have got angry with him, as a poet does with an actor who mishandles his verses on the stage: so he looked hard at him and said: Do you really suppose, Charmides, that if you do not know what can have been the meaning of the man who said that temperance was doing one’s own business, he did not know either? Why, my excellent Critias, I said, no wonder if our friend, at his age, cannot understand; but you, I should think, may be expected to know, in view of your years and your studies. So if you concede that temperance is what he says, and you accept the statement, for my part I would greatly prefer to have you as partner in the inquiry as to whether this saying is true or not. Well, I quite concede it, he said, and accept it. That is good, then, I said. Now tell me, do you also concede what I was asking just now - that all craftsmen make something? I do. And do you consider that they make their own things only, or those of others also?
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-charmides-fr-02
[162a] chacun faisant et se procurant par son travail ce qui lui serait propre, avec défense de mettre la main à rien qui lui fût étranger ? Je suis loin de le croire. Tu m’avoueras que cet état serait bien administré, s’il l’était sagement. Qui peut en douter ? Alors ce n’est pas dans ce cas-là que la sagesse serait de faire ce qui nous est propre. Non, évidemment. Il parlait donc par énigmes apparemment, comme je le disais tout-à-l’heure, celui qui prétendait qu’être sage c’est faire ce qui nous est propre ; car sans doute il n’était pas assez simple [162b] pour l’entendre ainsi. Ou peut-être est-ce quelque pauvre tête qui t’aura tenu ce propos, Charmide ? Pas du tout, reprit-il, c’est un homme qui me paraissait très sage. Nul doute alors, je le répète, qu’il a voulu proposer une énigme ; car il est difficile de savoir ce que signifie, faire ce qui nous est propre. Peut-être bien. Que signifie donc faire ce qui nous est propre ? Peux-tu le dire ? Par Jupiter ! s’écria-t-il, je n’en sais rien ; mais il serait possible aussi que celui même qui l’a dit n’en sût pas davantage. Et en même temps il souriait et tournait les yeux vers son cousin. [162c] On voyait depuis long-temps que Critias était au supplice. Jaloux de se montrer avantageusement en présence de Charmide et des autres assistans, il avait eu toutes les peines du monde à se retenir, et maintenant il en était tout-à-fait incapable. Aussi je fus bien persuadé que c’était à lui, comme je l’avais soupçonné d’abord, que Charmide avait entendu donner cette définition de la sagesse. Charmide, qui n’avait pas envie de plaider pour elle, et qui voulait en laisser le soin à son parent, [162d] tâchait de l’exciter et avait l’air de le regarder comme un homme battu. Critias n’y tint pas plus long-temps. Il ne paraissait guère moins irrité contre le jeune homme, qu’un poète contre l’acteur qui joue mal sa pièce, et il lui dit, en le regardant : Tu crois donc, Charmide, parce que tu ne sais pas ce qu’a dû penser celui qui a dit que la sagesse consiste à faire ce qui nous est propre, tu crois qu’il ne le savait pas lui-même ? Mon cher Critias, repris-je, il ne faut [162e] pas s’étonner que lui, si jeune encore, ne le sache pas, mais on doit s’attendre que tu le sauras, toi qui es plus âgé et depuis long-temps livré à ces études. Si donc tu conviens que la sagesse est ce qu’il disait, et que tu veuilles prendre cette proposition pour ton compte, j’aime encore bien mieux avoir à examiner avec toi si elle est vraie ou non. Sans doute, reprit-il, j’en conviens et me charge de le prouver. Très bien. Et, dis-moi, accordes-tu aussi ce que je demandais tout-à-l’heure, que les ouvriers travaillent à quelque chose ? Certainement.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Elenchus
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Ether and field
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Faith
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Human wisdom
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Justice
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Justice and care for the vulnerable
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Knowledge
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Law
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Messiah
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Self-governance
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Sin
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Time
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Wisdom
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