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Plato
Socrates in Plato’s Meno Passage 75
Passage 6 of 31
Canonical reference 75
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-meno-grc
ΣΩ. τί ποτε οὖν τοῦτο οὗ τοῦτο ὄνομά ἐστιν, τὸ σχῆμα; πειρῶ λέγειν. εἰ οὖν τῷ ἐρωτῶντι οὕτως ἢ περὶ σχήματος ἢ χρώματος εἶπες ὅτι ἀλλʼ οὐδὲ μανθάνω ἔγωγε ὅτι βούλει, ὦ ἄνθρωπε, οὐδὲ οἶδα ὅτι λέγεις, ἴσως ἂν ἐθαύμασε καὶ εἶπεν· οὐ μανθάνεις ὅτι ζητῶ τὸ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν τούτοις ταὐτόν; ἢ οὐδὲ ἐπὶ τούτοις, ὦ Μένων, ἔχοις ἂν εἰπεῖν, εἴ τίς σε ἐρωτῴη· τί ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῷ στρογγύλῳ καὶ εὐθεῖ καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις, ἃ δὴ σχήματα καλεῖς, ταὐτὸν ἐπὶ πᾶσιν; πειρῶ εἰπεῖν, ἵνα καὶ γένηταί σοι μελέτη πρὸς τὴν περὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς ἀπόκρισιν. ΜΕΝ. μή, ἀλλὰ σύ, ὦ Σώκρατες, εἰπέ. ΣΩ. βούλει σοι χαρίσωμαι; ΜΕΝ. πάνυ γε. ΣΩ. ἐθελήσεις οὖν καὶ σὺ ἐμοὶ εἰπεῖν περὶ τῆς ἀρετῆς; ΜΕΝ. ἔγωγε. ΣΩ. προθυμητέον τοίνυν· ἄξιον γάρ. ΜΕΝ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν. ΣΩ. φέρε δή, πειρώμεθά σοι εἰπεῖν τί ἐστιν σχῆμα. σκόπει οὖν εἰ τόδε ἀποδέχῃ αὐτὸ εἶναι· ἔστω γὰρ δὴ ἡμῖν τοῦτο σχῆμα, ὃ μόνον τῶν ὄντων τυγχάνει χρώματι ἀεὶ ἑπόμενον. ἱκανῶς σοι, ἢ ἄλλως πως ζητεῖς; ἐγὼ γὰρ κἂν οὕτως ἀγαπῴην εἴ μοι ἀρετὴν εἴποις. ΜΕΝ. ἀλλὰ τοῦτό γε εὔηθες, ὦ Σώκρατες. ΣΩ. πῶς λέγεις; ΜΕΝ. ὅτι σχῆμά πού ἐστιν κατὰ τὸν σὸν λόγον ὃ ἀεὶ χρόᾳ ἕπεται. εἶεν· εἰ δὲ δὴ τὴν χρόαν τις μὴ φαίη εἰδέναι, ἀλλὰ ὡσαύτως ἀποροῖ ὥσπερ περὶ τοῦ σχήματος, τί ἂν οἴει σοι ἀποκεκρίσθαι; ΣΩ. τἀληθῆ ἔγωγε· καὶ εἰ μέν γε τῶν σοφῶν τις εἴη καὶ ἐριστικῶν τε καὶ ἀγωνιστικῶν ὁ ἐρόμενος, εἴποιμʼ ἂν αὐτῷ ὅτι ἐμοὶ μὲν εἴρηται· εἰ δὲ μὴ ὀρθῶς λέγω, σὸν ἔργον λαμβάνειν λόγον καὶ ἐλέγχειν. εἰ δὲ ὥσπερ ἐγώ τε καὶ σὺ νυνὶ φίλοι ὄντες βούλοιντο ἀλλήλοις διαλέγεσθαι, δεῖ δὴ πρᾳότερόν πως καὶ διαλεκτικώτερον ἀποκρίνεσθαι. ἔστι δὲ ἴσως τὸ διαλεκτικώτερον μὴ μόνον τἀληθῆ ἀποκρίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰ καὶ διʼ ἐκείνων ὧν ἂν προσομολογῇ εἰδέναι ὁ ἐρωτώμενος. πειράσομαι δὴ καὶ ἐγώ σοι οὕτως εἰπεῖν. λέγε γάρ μοι· τελευτὴν καλεῖς τι; τοιόνδε λέγω οἷον πέρας καὶ ἔσχατον - πάντα ταῦτα ταὐτόν τι λέγω· ἴσως δʼ ἂν ἡμῖν Πρόδικος διαφέροιτο, ἀλλὰ σύ γέ που καλεῖς πεπεράνθαι τι καὶ τετελευτηκέναι - τὸ τοιοῦτον βούλομαι λέγειν, οὐδὲν ποικίλον. ΜΕΝ. ἀλλὰ καλῶ, καὶ οἶμαι μανθάνειν ὃ λέγεις.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-meno-en
Soc. Then what can this thing be, which bears the name of figure? Try and tell me. Suppose that, on being asked this question by someone, either about figure or about color, you had replied: Why, I don’t so much as understand what you want, sir, or even know what you are saying: he might well have shown surprise, and said: Do you not understand that I am looking for that which is the same common element in all these things? Or would you still be unable to reply, Meno, if you were approached on other terms, and were asked: What is it that is common to the round and the straight and everything else that you call figures - the same in all? Try and tell me it will be good practice for your answer about virtue. Men. No, it is you who must answer, Socrates. Soc. You wish me to do you the favour? Men. By all means. Soc. And then you will agree to take your turn and answer me on virtue? Men. I will. Soc. Well then, I must make the effort, for it is worth our while. Men. Certainly. Soc. Come now, let me try and tell you what figure is. Just consider if you accept this description of it: figure, let us say, is the only existing thing that is found always following color. Are you satisfied, or are you looking for something different? I am sure I should be content with a similar account of virtue from you. Men. But it is such a silly one, Socrates. Soc. How do you mean? Men. Well, figure, as I understand by your account, is what always follows color. Very good; but if some one said he did not know color, and was in the same difficulty about it as about figure, what answer do you suppose would have come from you? Soc. The truth, from me; and if my questioner were a professor of the eristic and contentious sort, I should say to him: I have made my statement; if it is wrong, your business is to examine and refute it. But if, like you and me on this occasion, we were friends and chose to have a discussion together, I should have to reply in some milder tone more suited to dialectic. The more dialectical way, I suppose, is not merely to answer what is true, but also to make use of those points which the questioned person acknowledges he knows. And this is the way in which I shall now try to argue with you. Tell me, is there something you call an end? Such a thing, I mean, as a limit, or extremity - I use all these terms in the same sense, though I daresay Prodicus might quarrel with us. But you, I am sure, refer to a thing as terminated or ended: something of that sort is what I mean - nothing complicated. Men. Yes, I do, and I think I grasp your meaning.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-meno-fr-02
[75a] Si étant ainsi interrogé par quelqu’un, soit touchant la figure, soit touchant la couleur, tu lui disais : Mon cher, je ne comprends pas ce que tu me demandes, et je ne sais de quoi tu me veux parler, probablement il en serait surpris, et répliquerait : Tu ne conçois pas que je cherche ce qui est commun à toutes ces figures et ces couleurs ? Quoi ! Menon, n’aurais-tu rien à répondre, au cas qu’on te demandât ce que l’espace rond, le droit, et les autres figures, ont de commun ? Tâche de le dire, afin que cela te tienne lieu d’exercice pour ta réponse sur la vertu. [75b] MENON. Non. Mais dis-le toi-même, Socrate. SOCRATE. Veux-tu que je te fasse ce plaisir ? MENON. Très fort. SOCRATE. Tu auras donc à ton tour la complaisance de me dire ce que c’est que la vertu ? MENON. Oui. SOCRATE. Il me faut faire tous mes efforts ; la chose en vaut la peine. MENON. Assurément. SOCRATE. Allons, essayons de t’expliquer ce que c’est que la figure. Vois si tu admets cette définition. La figure est de toutes les choses qui existent la seule qui va toujours avec la couleur. Es-tu content ? ou désires-tu quelque autre définition ? Pour moi, je serais [75c] satisfait si tu m’en donnais une pareille de la vertu. MENON. Mais cette définition est inepte, Socrate. SOCRATE. Pourquoi donc ? MENON. Selon toi, la figure est ce qui va toujours avec la couleur. SOCRATE. Eh bien, après. MENON. Mais si l’on disait qu’on ne sait point ce que c’est que la couleur, et qu’on est à cet égard dans le même embarras qu’à l’égard de la figure, que penserais-tu de ta réponse ? SOCRATE. Qu’elle est vraie. Et si j’avais affaire à un de ces hommes habiles, toujours prêts à disputer et à argumenter, je lui [75d] dirais : Ma réponse est faite ; si elle n’est pas juste, c’est à toi de prendre la parole et de la réfuter. Mais si c’étaient deux amis, comme toi et moi, qui voulussent converser ensemble, il faudrait répondre d’une manière plus douce et plus conforme aux lois de la dialectique. Or il est, ce me semble, plus conforme aux lois de la dialectique, de ne point se borner à faire une réponse vraie, mais de n’y faire entrer que des choses dont celui qui est interrogé avoue qu’il est instruit. C’est de cette manière que je vais essayer de te parler. [75e] Dis-moi, n’y a-t-il pas quelque chose que tu appelles fin, c’est-à-dire borne et extrémité ? Par ces trois mots j’entends la même idée ; Prodicus n’en conviendrait peut-être pas : mais toi, ne dis-tu pas d’une chose également qu’elle est bornée ou finie ? Voilà ce que je veux dire, rien de bien compliqué. MENON. Oui, je le dis, et je crois comprendre ta pensée.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Aporia
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Desire
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Dialectic
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Elenchus
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Ether and field
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Family
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Impressions and assent
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Law
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Messiah
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Mindfulness
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Philosophical eros
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Philosophical training
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Pleasure
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Probable judgment
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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Sin
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Truth
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Virtue
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Wisdom
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