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Plato
Socrates in Plato’s Phaedrus Passage 268
Passage 42 of 53
Canonical reference 268
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-phaedrus-grc
ΣΩ. ἐῶμεν δὴ τά γε σμικρά· ταῦτα δὲ ὑπʼ αὐγὰς μᾶλλον ἴδωμεν, τίνα καὶ πότʼ ἔχει τὴν τῆς τέχνης δύναμιν. ΦΑΙ. καὶ μάλα ἐρρωμένην, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἔν γε δὴ πλήθους συνόδοις. ΣΩ. ἔχει γάρ. ἀλλʼ, ὦ δαιμόνιε, ἰδὲ καὶ σὺ εἰ ἄρα καὶ σοὶ φαίνεται διεστηκὸς αὐτῶν τὸ ἤτριον ὥσπερ ἐμοί. ΦΑΙ. δείκνυε μόνον. ΣΩ. εἰπὲ δή μοι· εἴ τις προσελθὼν τῷ ἑταίρῳ σου Ἐρυξιμάχῳ ἢ τῷ πατρὶ αὐτοῦ Ἀκουμενῷ εἴποι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐπίσταμαι τοιαῦτʼ ἄττα σώμασι προσφέρειν, ὥστε θερμαίνειν τʼ ἐὰν βούλωμαι καὶ ψύχειν, καὶ ἐὰν μὲν δόξῃ μοι, ἐμεῖν ποιεῖν, ἐὰν δʼ αὖ, κάτω διαχωρεῖν, καὶ ἄλλα πάμπολλα τοιαῦτα· καὶ ἐπιστάμενος αὐτὰ ἀξιῶ ἰατρικὸς εἶναι καὶ ἄλλον ποιεῖν ᾧ ἂν τὴν τούτων ἐπιστήμην παραδῶ, τί ἂν οἴει ἀκούσαντας εἰπεῖν; ΦΑΙ. τί δʼ ἄλλο γε ἢ ἐρέσθαι εἰ προσεπίσταται καὶ οὕστινας δεῖ καὶ ὁπότε ἕκαστα τούτων ποιεῖν, καὶ μέχρι ὁπόσου; ΣΩ. εἰ οὖν εἴποι ὅτι οὐδαμῶς· ἀλλʼ ἀξιῶ τὸν ταῦτα παρʼ ἐμοῦ μαθόντα αὐτὸν οἷόν τʼ εἶναι ποιεῖν ἃ ἐρωτᾷς; ΦΑΙ. εἰπεῖν ἂν οἶμαι ὅτι μαίνεται ἅνθρωπος, καὶ ἐκ βιβλίου ποθὲν ἀκούσας ἢ περιτυχὼν φαρμακίοις ἰατρὸς οἴεται γεγονέναι, οὐδὲν ἐπαΐων τῆς τέχνης. ΣΩ. τί δʼ εἰ Σοφοκλεῖ αὖ προσελθὼν καὶ Εὐριπίδῃ τις λέγοι ὡς ἐπίσταται περὶ σμικροῦ πράγματος ῥήσεις παμμήκεις ποιεῖν καὶ περὶ μεγάλου πάνυ σμικράς, ὅταν τε βούληται οἰκτράς, καὶ τοὐναντίον αὖ φοβερὰς καὶ ἀπειλητικὰς ὅσα τʼ ἄλλα τοιαῦτα, καὶ διδάσκων αὐτὰ τραγῳδίας ποίησιν οἴεται παραδιδόναι; ΦΑΙ. καὶ οὗτοι ἄν, ὦ Σώκρατες, οἶμαι καταγελῷεν εἴ τις οἴεται τραγῳδίαν ἄλλο τι εἶναι ἢ τὴν τούτων σύστασιν πρέπουσαν ἀλλήλοις τε καὶ τῷ ὅλῳ συνισταμένην. ΣΩ. ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἂν ἀγροίκως γε οἶμαι λοιδορήσειαν, ἀλλʼ ὥσπερ ἂν μουσικὸς ἐντυχὼν ἀνδρὶ οἰομένῳ ἁρμονικῷ εἶναι, ὅτι δὴ τυγχάνει ἐπιστάμενος ὡς οἷόν τε ὀξυτάτην καὶ βαρυτάτην χορδὴν ποιεῖν, οὐκ ἀγρίως εἴποι ἄν· ὦ μοχθηρέ, μελαγχολᾷς, ἀλλʼ ἅτε μουσικὸς ὢν πρᾳότερον ὅτι ὦ ἄριστε, ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτʼ ἐπίστασθαι τὸν μέλλοντα ἁρμονικὸν ἔσεσθαι, οὐδὲν μὴν κωλύει μηδὲ σμικρὸν ἁρμονίας ἐπαΐειν τὸν τὴν σὴν ἕξιν ἔχοντα· τὰ γὰρ πρὸ ἁρμονίας ἀναγκαῖα μαθήματα ἐπίστασαι ἀλλʼ οὐ τὰ ἁρμονικά. ΦΑΙ. ὀρθότατά γε.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-phaedrus-en
Socrates. Never mind the little things; let us bring these other things more under the light and see what force of art they have and when. Phaedrus. They have a very powerful force, at least in large assemblies. Socrates. They have; but my friend, see if you agree with me in thinking that their warp has gaps in it. Phaedrus. Go on and show them. Socrates. Tell me; if anyone should go to your friend Eryximachus or to his father Acumenus and should say I know how to apply various drugs to people, so as to make them warm or, if I wish, cold, and I can make them vomit, if I like, or can make their bowels move, and all that sort of thing; and because of this knowledge I claim that I am a physician and can make any other man a physician, to whom I impart the knowledge of these things ; what do you think they would say? Phaedrus. They would ask him, of course, whether he knew also whom he ought to cause to do these things, and when, and how much. Socrates. If then he should say: No, not at all; but I think that he who has learned these things from me will be able to do by himself the things you ask about? Phaedrus. They would say, I fancy, that the man was crazy and, because he had read something in a book or had stumbled upon some medicines, imagined that he was a physician when he really had no knowledge of the art. Socrates. And what if someone should go to Sophocles or Euripides and should say that he knew how to make very long speeches about a small matter, and very short ones about a great affair, and pitiful utterances, if he wished, and again terrible and threatening ones, and all that sort of thing, and that he thought by imparting those things he could teach the art of writing tragedies? Phaedrus. They also, I fancy, Socrates, would laugh at him, if he imagined that tragedy was anything else than the proper combination of these details in such a way that they harmonize with each other and with the whole composition. Socrates. But they would not, I suppose, rebuke him harshly, but they would behave as a musician would, if he met a man who thought he understood harmony because he could strike the highest and lowest notes. He would not say roughly, You wretch, you are mad, but being a musician, he would say in gentler tones, My friend, he who is to be a harmonist must know these things you mention, but nothing prevents one who is at your stage of knowledge from being quite ignorant of harmony. You know the necessary preliminaries of harmony, but not harmony itself. Phaedrus. Quite correct.
French
Victor Cousin · wikisource-cousin-phaedrus-fr-02
[268a] SOCRATE. Laissons donc ce qui n’importe guère, et tâchons de voir maintenant sous un plus grand jour quel est le pouvoir de cet art et où il se montre. PHÈDRE. Ce pouvoir, mon cher Socrate, est immense dans les assemblées. SOCRATE. Tu as raison ; mais, mon cher Phèdre, examine toi-même si tu ne trouveras pas comme moi que ces artifices montrent la trame en plusieurs endroits. PHÈDRE. Explique-toi. SOCRATE. Ça, réponds-moi. Si quelqu’un venait trouver ton ami Eryximaque ou son père Acumènos, et leur disait : Je sais produire certains effets sur le corps, comme de réchauffer, [268b] de refroidir à volonté ; de faire vomir ou évacuer par bas quand il me plaît, et beaucoup d’autres choses semblables ; et avec cette science je me crois médecin et capable de faire des médecins de ceux à qui j’en ferai part ? Que répondraient, selon toi, ton ami et son père ? PHÈDRE. Ils lui demanderaient sans doute s’il sait encore à qui, quand et jusqu’à quel point il faut appliquer ces moyens. SOCRATE. Et s’il leur répondait : Je n’en sais absolument rien, mais je pense que celui [268c] à qui j’aurai communiqué ma science sera capable de faire de lui-même ce que vous me demandez ? PHÈDRE. Alors ils diraient, je crois : Cet homme est fou ; pour avoir lu quelque livre ou par hasard attrapé quelque remède, il se croit médecin sans avoir la moindre idée de cet art. SOCRATE. Et si quelqu’un, s’approchant de Sophocle ou d’Euripide, leur disait qu’il sait discourir longuement sur le plus petit sujet et brièvement sur le plus ample ; qu’il sait faire des discours tour à tour attendrissants ou terribles, plaintifs ou menaçants, et autres choses de ce genre, [268d] et qu’en apprenant cet art à quelqu’un il lui donnera le secret de la poésie tragique ? PHÈDRE. Socrate, ces deux poètes pourraient bien rire aussi aux dépens d’un pareil homme qui regarderait la tragédie comme un assemblage de ces diverses parties, indépendamment de l’accord, des proportions et de l’ensemble. SOCRATE. Ils s’en moqueraient doucement. Suppose qu’un musicien rencontre un homme qui se flatte de connaître parfaitement l’harmonie parce qu’il saurait comment on tire d’une corde le son le plus aigu ou le plus grave ; [268e] il ne lui dira pas avec dureté : Malheureux, tu perds la tête ; mais, comme un digne ami des Muses, il lui dira avec plus de bonté : Mon cher, il faut savoir cela pour bien connaître l’harmonie ; mais néanmoins on peut le savoir, et être fort ignorant en fait d’harmonie : tu connais les notions préliminaires, mais tu ne connais point la science elle-même. PHÈDRE. Rien de plus juste.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Community
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Elenchus
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Ether and field
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Family
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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Impressions and assent
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Justice
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Knowledge
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Messiah
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Necessity
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Roles and relationships
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War and peace
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Wisdom
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