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Plato
Republic Passage 331
Passage 5 of 278
Canonical reference 331
Ancient Greek
perseus-plato-republic-grc
ὁ μὲν οὖν εὑρίσκων ἑαυτοῦ ἐν τῷ βίῳ πολλὰ ἀδικήματα καὶ ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων, ὥσπερ οἱ παῖδες, θαμὰ ἐγειρόμενος δειμαίνει καὶ ζῇ μετὰ κακῆς ἐλπίδος· τῷ δὲ μηδὲν ἑαυτῷ ἄδικον συνειδότι ἡδεῖα ἐλπὶς ἀεὶ πάρεστι καὶ ἀγαθὴ γηροτρόφος , ὡς καὶ Πίνδαρος λέγει. χαριέντως γάρ τοι, ὦ Σώκρατες, τοῦτʼ ἐκεῖνος εἶπεν, ὅτι ὃς ἂν δικαίως καὶ ὁσίως τὸν βίον διαγάγῃ, γλυκεῖά οἱ καρδίαν ἀτάλλοισα γηροτρόφος συναορεῖ ἐλπὶς ἃ μάλιστα θνατῶν πολύστροφον γνώμαν κυβερνᾷ. Pindar Frag. 214, Loeb εὖ οὖν λέγει θαυμαστῶς ὡς σφόδρα. πρὸς δὴ τοῦτʼ ἔγωγε τίθημι τὴν τῶν χρημάτων κτῆσιν πλείστου ἀξίαν εἶναι, οὔ τι παντὶ ἀνδρὶ ἀλλὰ τῷ ἐπιεικεῖ καὶ κοσμίῳ. τὸ γὰρ μηδὲ ἄκοντά τινα ἐξαπατῆσαι ἢ ψεύσασθαι, μηδʼ αὖ ὀφείλοντα ἢ θεῷ θυσίας τινὰς ἢ ἀνθρώπῳ χρήματα ἔπειτα ἐκεῖσε ἀπιέναι δεδιότα, μέγα μέρος εἰς τοῦτο ἡ τῶν χρημάτων κτῆσις συμβάλλεται. ἔχει δὲ καὶ ἄλλας χρείας πολλάς· ἀλλὰ ἕν γε ἀνθʼ ἑνὸς οὐκ ἐλάχιστον ἔγωγε θείην ἂν εἰς τοῦτο ἀνδρὶ νοῦν ἔχοντι, ὦ Σώκρατες, πλοῦτον χρησιμώτατον εἶναι. παγκάλως, ἦν δʼ ἐγώ, λέγεις, ὦ Κέφαλε. τοῦτο δʼ αὐτό, τὴν δικαιοσύνην, πότερα τὴν ἀλήθειαν αὐτὸ φήσομεν εἶναι ἁπλῶς οὕτως καὶ τὸ ἀποδιδόναι ἄν τίς τι παρά του λάβῃ, ἢ καὶ αὐτὰ ταῦτα ἔστιν ἐνίοτε μὲν δικαίως, ἐνίοτε δὲ ἀδίκως ποιεῖν; οἷον τοιόνδε λέγω· πᾶς ἄν που εἴποι, εἴ τις λάβοι παρὰ φίλου ἀνδρὸς σωφρονοῦντος ὅπλα, εἰ μανεὶς ἀπαιτοῖ, ὅτι οὔτε χρὴ τὰ τοιαῦτα ἀποδιδόναι, οὔτε δίκαιος ἂν εἴη ὁ ἀποδιδούς, οὐδʼ αὖ πρὸς τὸν οὕτως ἔχοντα πάντα ἐθέλων τἀληθῆ λέγειν. ὀρθῶς, ἔφη, λέγεις. οὐκ ἄρα οὗτος ὅρος ἐστὶν δικαιοσύνης, ἀληθῆ τε λέγειν καὶ ἃ ἂν λάβῃ τις ἀποδιδόναι. πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ἔφη, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὑπολαβὼν ὁ Πολέμαρχος, εἴπερ γέ τι χρὴ Σιμωνίδῃ πείθεσθαι. καὶ μέντοι, ἔφη ὁ Κέφαλος, καὶ παραδίδωμι ὑμῖν τὸν λόγον· δεῖ γάρ με ἤδη τῶν ἱερῶν ἐπιμεληθῆναι. οὐκοῦν, ἔφη, ἐγώ, ὁ Πολέμαρχος, τῶν γε σῶν κληρονόμος; πάνυ γε, ἦ δʼ ὃς γελάσας, καὶ ἅμα ᾔει πρὸς τὰ ἱερά. λέγε δή, εἶπον ἐγώ, σὺ ὁ τοῦ λόγου κληρονόμος, τί φῂς τὸν Σιμωνίδην λέγοντα ὀρθῶς λέγειν περὶ δικαιοσύνης; ὅτι, ἦ δʼ ὅς, τὸ τὰ ὀφειλόμενα ἑκάστῳ ἀποδιδόναι δίκαιόν ἐστι· τοῦτο λέγων δοκεῖ ἔμοιγε καλῶς λέγειν.
English
Benjamin Jowett · perseus-plato-republic-en
Now he to whom the ledger of his life shows an account of many evil deeds starts up even from his dreams like children again and again in affright and his days are haunted by anticipations of worse to come. But on him who is conscious of no wrong that he has done a sweet hope ever attends and a goodly to be nurse of his old age, as Pindar too says. For a beautiful saying it is, Socrates, of the poet that when a man lives out his days in justice and piety sweet companion with him, to cheer his heart and nurse his old age, accompanies Hope, who chiefly rules the changeful mind of mortals. Pindar Frag. 214, Loeb That is a fine saying and an admirable. It is for this, then, that I affirm that the possession of wealth is of most value not it may be to every man but to the good man. Not to cheat any man even unintentionally or play him false, not remaining in debt to a god for some sacrifice or to a man for money, so to depart in fear to that other world - to this result the possession of property contributes not a little. It has also many other uses. But, setting one thing against another, I would lay it down, Socrates, that for a man of sense this is the chief service of wealth. An admirable sentiment, Cephalus, said I. But speaking of this very thing, justice, are we to affirm thus without qualification that it is truth-telling and paying back what one has received from anyone, or may these very actions sometimes be just and sometimes unjust? I mean, for example, as everyone I presume would admit, if one took over weapons from a friend who was in his right mind and then the lender should go mad and demand them back, that we ought not to return them in that case and that he who did so return them would not be acting justly - nor yet would he who chose to speak nothing but the truth to one who was in that state. You are right, he replied. Then this is not the definition of justice: to tell the truth and return what one has received. Nay, but it is, Socrates, said Polemarchus breaking in, if indeed we are to put any faith in Simonides. Very well, said Cephalus, indeed I make over the whole argument to you. For it is time for me to attend the sacrifices. Well, said I, is not Polemarchus the heir of everything that is yours? Certainly, said he with a laugh, and at the same time went out to the sacred rites. Tell me, then, you the inheritor of the argument, what it is that you affirm that Simonides says and rightly says about justice. That it is just, he replied, to render to each his due. In saying this I think he speaks well.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
Celui dont le registre de la vie fait apparaître de nombreuses mauvaises actions se réveille sans cesse en sursaut, comme les enfants, même au milieu de ses rêves, et ses jours sont hantés par l’attente de maux plus terribles encore. Mais celui qui a conscience de n’avoir commis aucune injustice est toujours accompagné d’une douce espérance, bonne nourrice de sa vieillesse, comme le dit aussi Pindare. C’est en effet une belle parole du poète, Socrate : lorsqu’un homme passe ses jours dans la justice et la piété, la douce compagne qui réjouit son cœur et nourrit sa vieillesse, l’Espérance, l’accompagne, elle qui gouverne surtout l’esprit changeant des mortels. Pindare, frag. 214, Loeb. Voilà une belle et admirable parole. C’est donc pour cette raison que j’affirme que la possession de richesses a la plus grande valeur, non peut-être pour tout homme, mais pour l’homme de bien. Ne tromper personne, même involontairement, ne manquer à sa parole envers personne, ne pas rester débiteur envers un dieu de quelque sacrifice ni envers un homme de quelque somme d’argent, puis quitter cette vie sans craindre l’autre monde : la possession d’une fortune contribue grandement à ce résultat. Elle a beaucoup d’autres usages encore. Mais, tout bien pesé, Socrate, je dirais que, pour un homme sensé, c’est là le principal service de la richesse. Admirable sentiment, Céphale, dis-je. Mais à propos de cette chose même, la justice, devons-nous affirmer sans réserve qu’elle consiste à dire la vérité et à rendre à chacun ce qu’on a reçu de lui, ou bien ces mêmes actions sont-elles parfois justes et parfois injustes ? Voici ce que je veux dire. Tout le monde admettrait, je suppose, que si l’on avait reçu des armes d’un ami sain d’esprit et que celui-ci, devenu fou, les réclamât, il ne faudrait pas les lui rendre dans cet état, et que celui qui les lui rendrait n’agirait pas justement. Ne serait pas juste non plus celui qui choisirait de ne dire que la vérité à un homme se trouvant dans cet état. Tu as raison, répondit-il. La définition de la justice n’est donc pas de dire la vérité et de rendre ce que l’on a reçu. Mais si, Socrate, intervint Polémarque, du moins si nous devons accorder quelque crédit à Simonide. Très bien, dit Céphale, je vous cède même toute la discussion, car il est temps pour moi de m’occuper des sacrifices. Eh bien, dis-je, Polémarque n’est-il pas l’héritier de tout ce qui t’appartient ? Certainement, répondit-il en riant, et il partit en même temps accomplir les rites sacrés. Dis-moi donc, toi qui hérites de la discussion, qu’affirmes-tu que Simonide dit, et dit avec raison, au sujet de la justice ? Qu’il est juste, répondit-il, de rendre à chacun ce qui lui est dû. En disant cela, je pense qu’il parle bien.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Beneficence
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Care of the soul
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Death
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Education
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Faith
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Friendship
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God
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Hope
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Justice
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Li, ritual propriety
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Philosopher ruler
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Self-governance
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Service
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Suffering
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Time
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Tripartite soul
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Truth
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Worship
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