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Plutarch
On the E at Delphi Section 11
Section 11 of 21
Canonical reference 11
Ancient Greek
πολλὰ δʼ ἄλλα τοιαῦτʼ ἔφην ἐγὼ παρελθὼν τὸν Πλάτωνα προσάξομαι λέγοντα κόσμον ἕνα, ὡς εἴπερ εἰσὶ παρὰ τοῦτον ἕτεροι καὶ μὴ μόνος οὗτος εἷς, πέντε τοὺς πάντας ὄντας καὶ μὴ πλείονας. μὴν ἀλλὰ κἂν εἷς οὗτος μονογενής, ὡς οἴεται καὶ Ἀριστοτέλης, τρόπον τινὰ καὶ τοῦτον ἐκ πέντε συγκείμενον κόσμων καὶ συνηρμοσμένον εἶναι· ὧν ὁ μὲν ἐστι γῆς ὁ δʼ ὕδατος, τρίτος δὲ πυρὸς καὶ τέταρτος ἀέρος· τὸν δὲ πέμπτον οὐρανὸν οἱ δὲ φῶς οἱ δʼ αἰθέρα καλοῦσιν, οἱ δʼ αὐτὸ τοῦτο πέμπτην οὐσίαν, τὸ κύκλῳ περιφέρεσθαι μόνῃ τῶν σωμάτων κατὰ φύσιν ἐστίν, οὐκ ἐξ ἀνάγκης οὔτʼ ἄλλως συμβεβηκὸς δὴ καὶ τὰ πέντε καὶ κάλλιστα καὶ τελεώτατα σχήματα τῶν ἐν τῇ φύσει κατανοήσας, πυραμίδα καὶ κύβον καὶ ὀκτάεδρον καὶ εἰκοσάεδρον καὶ δωδεκάεδρον, ἕκαστον οἰκείως ἑκάστῳ προσένειμεν.
English
R. Kippax, 1874
Passing by many other such like things, said I, I will produce only Plato; who says, that there is but one world, but that if this were not alone, so that there were others besides it, they would be in all five and no more. For indeed, though there is but this one only world, as Aristotle is also of opinion, yet this world is in some sort composed and assembled of five, of which one indeed is of earth, another of water, the third of fire, the fourth of air, and the fifth, being heaven, some call light and others the sky; and some also name this same the fifth essence, which alone of all, bodies is naturally carried about in a circle, and not of necessity or otherwise by accident. Wherefore Plato, knowing that, of the figures which are in Nature, there are five most excellent and perfect, - to wit, the pyramid, the cube, the octahedron, the icosahedron, and the dodecahedron, - has fitly accommodated each of them to each of these worlds or bodies.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Laissant de côté beaucoup d’autres faits semblables, dis-je, je ne citerai que Platon. Il affirme qu’il n’existe qu’un seul monde, mais que, si celui-ci n’était pas unique et qu’il en existât d’autres, ils seraient cinq en tout, et pas davantage. En vérité, bien qu’il n’y ait que ce seul monde, comme le pense aussi Aristote, ce monde est néanmoins, en quelque sorte, composé et assemblé de cinq éléments : le premier est la terre, le deuxième l’eau, le troisième le feu, le quatrième l’air ; le cinquième, qui est le ciel, est appelé par certains lumière et par d’autres firmament. Certains donnent également à ce dernier le nom de cinquième essence, la seule de tous les corps à se mouvoir naturellement en cercle, et non par nécessité ni autrement par accident. C’est pourquoi Platon, sachant que parmi les figures présentes dans la Nature il en existe cinq qui sont les plus excellentes et les plus parfaites, à savoir la pyramide, le cube, l’octaèdre, l’icosaèdre et le dodécaèdre, a convenablement adapté chacune d’elles à chacun de ces mondes ou corps.
Concepts in this passage
Care of the soul
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Comparative character
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Nature
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Necessity
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Reason
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Sin
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