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Plutarch

On the E at Delphi Section 20

Section 20 of 21

Canonical reference 20

Ancient Greek

ἀλλʼ ἔστιν ὁ θεὸς, χρὴ φάναι, καὶ ἔστι κατʼ οὐδένα χρόνον ἀλλὰ κατὰ τὸν αἰῶνα τὸν ἀκίνητον καὶ ἄχρονον καὶ ἀνέγκλιτον καὶ οὗ πρότερον οὐδέν ἐστιν οὐδʼ ὕστερον οὐδὲ μέλλον οὐδὲ παρῳχημένον οὐδὲ πρεσβύτερον οὐδὲ νεώτερον ἀλλʼ εἷς ὢν ἑνὶ τῷ νῦν τὸ ἀεὶ πεπλήρωκε, καὶ μόνον ἐστὶ τὸ κατὰ τοῦτον ὄντως ὄντως ὄν, οὐ γεγονὸς οὐδʼ ἐσόμενον οὐδʼ ἀρξάμενον οὐδὲ παυσόμενον. οὕτως οὖν αὐτὸν δεῖ σεβομένους ἀσπάζεσθαι καὶ προσαγορεύειν, ἢ καὶ νὴ Δία, ὡς ἔνιοι τῶν παλαιῶν, εἶἕν. οὐ γὰρ πολλὰ τὸ θεῖόν ἐστιν, ὡς ἡμῶν ἕκαστος ἐκ μυρίων διαφορῶν ἐν πάθεσι γιγνομένων, ἄθροισμα παντοδαπὸν καὶ πανηγυρικῶς μεμιγμένον· ἀλλʼ ἓν εἶναι δεῖ τὸ ὄν, ὥσπερ ὂν τὸ ἕν. ἡ δʼ ἑτερότης, διαφορᾷ τοῦ ὄντος, εἰς γένεσιν ἐξίσταται τοῦ μὴ ὄντος. ὅθεν εὖ καὶ τὸ πρῶτον ἔχει τῷ θεῷ τῶν ὀνομάτων καὶ τὸ δεύτερον καὶ τὸ τρίτον. Ἀπόλλων μὲν γὰρ οἷον ἀρνούμενος τὰ πολλὰ καὶ τὸ πλῆθος ἀποφάσκων ἐστίν, Ἰήιος δʼ ὡς εἷς καὶ μόνος· Φοῖβον δὲ δήπου τὸ καθαρὸν καὶ ἁγνὸν οἱ παλαιοὶ πᾶν ὠνόμαζον, ὡς ἔτι Θεσσαλοὶ τοὺς ἱερέας ἐν ταῖς ἀποφράσιν ἡμέραις αὐτοὺς ἐφʼ ἑαυτῶν ἔξω διατρίβοντας, οἶμαι, φοιβονομεῖσθαι λέγουσι. τὸ δʼ ἓν εἰλικρινὲς καὶ καθαρόν· ἑτέρου γὰρ μίξει πρὸς ἕτερον ὁ μιασμός, ὥς που καὶ Ὅμηρος ἐλέφαντα τινὰ φοινισσόμενον βαφῇ μιαίνεσθαι φησί· καὶ τὰ μιγνύμενα τῶν χρωμάτων οἱ βαφεῖς φθείρεσθαι καί φθοράν τὴν μῖξιν ὀνομάζουσιν. οὐκοῦν ἕν τʼ εἶναι καὶ ἄκρατον ἀεὶ τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ καὶ καθαρῷ προσήκει.

English

R. Kippax, 1874

But God, we must say, is, and he is not in any time, but in eternity, which is immovable without time, and free from inclination, in which there is nothing first, or last, or newer; but being one, it has filled its eternal duration with one only now ; and that only is which is really according to this, of which it cannot be said, that it either was or shall be, or that it begins or shall end. Thus ought those who worship to salute and invocate this Eternal Being, or else indeed, as some of the ancients have done, with this expression Εἶ ἴν , Thou art one. For the Divinity is not many, as every one of us is made of ten thousand differences in affections, being a confused heap, filled with all diversities. But that which is must be one, as one must have a being. But diversity, which is esteemed to be different from being, goes forth to the generation of that which is not. Whence both the first of his names agrees rightly with this God, as do also the second and third. For he is called Apollo, as denying plurality and rejecting multitude; and Ieïos, as being only one; and Phoebus was the name given by the ancients to every thing that is pure and chaste; as the Thessalians even to this day, if I am not mistaken, say of their priests, when on vacant days they abstain from the temples and keep themselves retired, that they purify themselves ( φοιβονομεῖσθαι ). Now that which is one is sincere and pure. For pollution is by the mixture of one thing with another; as Homer, speaking of a piece of ivory dyed red, said it was polluted by the dye, and dyers say of mixed colors that they are corrupted, and call the mixture itself corruption. It is therefore always requisite for that which is incorruptible and pure to be one and unmixed.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Mais Dieu, devons-nous dire, est; et il n’est dans aucun temps, mais dans l’éternité, immobile, étrangère au temps et exempte d’inclination, où il n’y a rien de premier, de dernier ni de plus nouveau; mais, étant une, elle a rempli sa durée éternelle d’un seul maintenant; et cela seul est véritablement selon elle, dont on ne peut dire ni que cela fut ni que cela sera, ni que cela commence ni que cela finira. C’est ainsi que ceux qui l’adorent doivent saluer et invoquer cet Être éternel, ou bien, comme l’ont fait certains anciens, par cette expression: Εἶ ἴν, «Tu es un». Car la Divinité n’est pas multiple, comme chacun de nous est composé de dix mille différences d’affections, amas confus rempli de toutes sortes de diversités. Mais ce qui est doit être un, de même que ce qui est un doit posséder l’être. La diversité, tenue pour distincte de l’être, s’avance vers la génération de ce qui n’est pas. C’est pourquoi le premier de ses noms convient justement à ce Dieu, comme le deuxième et le troisième. Car il est appelé Apollon, parce qu’il nie la pluralité et rejette la multitude; Iéios, parce qu’il est un seulement; et Phébus était le nom que les anciens donnaient à toute chose pure et chaste. Ainsi, aujourd’hui encore, si je ne me trompe, les Thessaliens disent de leurs prêtres, lorsqu’aux jours vacants ils s’abstiennent des temples et se tiennent retirés, qu’ils se purifient (φοιβονομεῖσθαι). Or ce qui est un est sans mélange et pur. Car la souillure vient du mélange d’une chose avec une autre; ainsi Homère, parlant d’un morceau d’ivoire teint en rouge, disait qu’il avait été souillé par la teinture, et les teinturiers disent des couleurs mélangées qu’elles sont corrompues, et nomment corruption le mélange même. Il faut donc toujours que ce qui est incorruptible et pur soit un et sans mélange.

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