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Plutarch
Table Talk Section 2
Section 168 of 260
Canonical reference 7.3.2
Ancient Greek
ὁ μὲν οὖν τοῦ μέλιτος λόγος οὐ πάνυ πολλὰ πράγματα παρέσχεν ἡμῖν, πάντων ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν ἐπισταμένων, ὅτι τὸ κουφότατον ὑπὸ μανότητος κουφότατὸν ἐστι, τὸ δὲ πυκνὸν καὶ συνεχὲς διὰ βάρος ὑφίσταται τῷ λοιπῷ· κἂν περιτρέψῃς τὸ ἀγγεῖον, αὖθις ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ τὴν προσήκουσαν ἑκάτερον ἀπολαμβάνει χώραν, τοῦ μὲν κάτω φερομένου τοῦ δʼ ἐπιπολάζοντος. οὐ μὴν οὐδʼ ὁ οἶνος ἀπελείφθη πιθανῶν ἐπιχειρημάτων· πρῶτον μὲν γὰρ ἡ δύναμις αὐτοῦ, θερμότης οὖσα, πρὸς τὸ μέσον εὐλόγως δοκεῖ συνῆχθαι μάλιστα, καὶ τοῦτο διατηρεῖν βέλτιστον· ἔπειτα τὸ μὲν κάτω διὰ τὴν τρύγα φαῦλον εἶναι, τὸ δʼ ἐξ ἐπιπολῆς τοῦ ἀέρος φθείρεσθαι πλησιάζοντος. ὅτι γὰρ ἐξίστησιν ὁ ἀὴρ τῆς ποιότητος τὸν οἶνον ἴσμεν ἐπισφαλέστατον ὄντα· διὸ καὶ κατορύττουσι τοὺς πίθους καὶ σκεπάζουσιν, ὅπως ὅτι σμικρότατος ἀὴρ αὐτῶν ἐπιψαύῃ. τὸ δὲ μέγιστον, οὐ φθείρει πλῆρες ἀγγεῖον οὕτω ῥᾳδίως οἶνον ὡς ἀποδεὲς γενόμενον· πολὺς γὰρ εἰς τὸ κενούμενον ἐπεισρέων ὁ ἀὴρ ἐξίστησι μᾶλλον· ἐν δὲ τοῖς μεστοῖς ὁ οἶνος αὐτὸς ὑφʼ αὑτοῦ συνέχεται, πολὺ τοῦ φθείροντος ἔξωθεν μὴ παραδεχόμενος·
English
Thomas Creech, 1874
We were not at all puzzled about the honey, everybody almost knowing that that which is lightest is so because it is rare, and that the heaviest parts are dense and compact, and by reason of their weight settle below the others. So, if you turn over the vessel, each in a little time will recover its proper place, the heavier subsiding, and the lighter rising above the rest. And as for the wine, probable solutions presently appeared; for its strength consisting in heat, it is reasonable that it should be contained chiefly in the middle, and there best preserved; for the lower parts the lees spoil, and the upper are impaired by the neighboring air. For that the air will impair wine no man doubts, and therefore we usually bury or cover our barrels, that as little air as can be might come near them. Besides (which is an evident sign) a barrel when full is not spoiled so soon as when it is half empty; because a great deal of air getting into the empty space troubles and disturbs liquor, whereas the wine that is in the full cask is preserved and defended by itself, not admitting much of the external air, which is apt to injure and corrupt it.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Le miel ne nous embarrassa nullement, presque tout le monde sachant que sa partie la plus légère est telle parce qu’elle est rare, tandis que ses parties les plus lourdes sont denses et compactes et que leur poids les fait descendre sous les autres. Ainsi, si vous retournez le récipient, chacune retrouvera en peu de temps sa place naturelle : les parties les plus lourdes s’enfonceront, et les plus légères remonteront au-dessus des autres. Quant au vin, des solutions vraisemblables se présentèrent aussitôt. Puisque sa force réside dans la chaleur, il est raisonnable qu’elle soit surtout contenue au milieu et qu’elle s’y conserve le mieux. Les parties inférieures sont gâtées par la lie, et les parties supérieures altérées par l’air qui les avoisine. Personne ne doute en effet que l’air n’altère le vin, et c’est pourquoi nous avons coutume d’enterrer ou de couvrir nos tonneaux, afin que le moins d’air possible les approche. En outre, et c’en est un signe évident, un tonneau plein ne se gâte pas aussi vite qu’un tonneau à moitié vide, parce qu’une grande quantité d’air pénétrant dans l’espace vide trouble et agite la liqueur, tandis que le vin contenu dans un tonneau plein se conserve et se protège par lui-même, en n’admettant qu’une faible quantité de l’air extérieur, qui tend à le détériorer et à le corrompre.
Concepts in this passage
Comparative character
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Family
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Friendship
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Logos of nature
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Neighbor
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Probable judgment
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Reason
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Service
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Sin
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Time
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