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Sextus Empiricus

Against the Physicists, Books IX-X of Against the Learned Section 232

Section 232 of 791

Canonical reference 9.232

Ancient Greek

Hermann Mutschmann and Jürgen Mau, editors · adversus-grc

Πρὸς τούτοις, εἰ ἔστι τί τινος αἴτιον, ἤτοι τὸ ἅμα ὂν τοῦ ἅμα ὄντος ἐστὶν αἴτιον ἢ τὸ πρότερον τοῦ ὕστερον ἤ τὸ ὕστερον τοῦ πρότερον· οὔτε δὲ τὸ ἅμα ὂν τοῦ ἅμα ὄντος αἴτιόν ἐστιν οὔτε τὸ πρότερον τοῦ ὕστερον οὔτε τὸ ὕστερον τοῦ πρότερον, ὧς παραστήσομεν· οὐκ ἄρα ἔστι τι αἴτιον.

English AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

Furthermore, if one thing is the cause of another, either what exists simultaneously is the cause of what exists simultaneously, or what is earlier of what is later, or what is later of what is earlier. But neither is what exists simultaneously the cause of what exists simultaneously, nor what is earlier of what is later, nor what is later of what is earlier, as we shall show. Therefore there is no cause.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

En outre, si une chose est cause d’une autre, ou bien ce qui existe simultanément est cause de ce qui existe simultanément, ou ce qui est antérieur de ce qui est postérieur, ou ce qui est postérieur de ce qui est antérieur. Mais ni ce qui existe simultanément n’est cause de ce qui existe simultanément, ni l’antérieur du postérieur, ni le postérieur de l’antérieur, comme nous l’établirons. Il n’existe donc aucune cause.

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