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Sextus Empiricus

Against the Professors, Books I-VI of Against the Learned Section 115

Section 115 of 757

Canonical reference 1.115

Ancient Greek

Hermann Mutschmann and Jürgen Mau, editors · adversus-grc

Ἔστι δὲ καὶ ἕτερος λόγος καθʼ ὃν ἀξιοῦται διαφόρως τὰ φωνάεντα πάλιν στοιχεῖα ἐλάσσονα εἶναι τῶν παρὰ τοῖς γραμματικοῖς θρυλουμένων ἑπτά. εἰ γὰρ τὸ α κατ’ αὐτοὺς ἐκτεινόμενον καὶ συστελλόμενον οὐχ ἕτερόν ἐστι στοιχεῖον ἀλλʼ ἓν κοινόν, ὡσαύτως δὲ καὶ τὸ ι καὶ τὸ υ, ἀκολουθήσει καὶ τὸ ε καὶ τὸ η ἓν εἶναι στοιχεῖον κατὰ τὴν αὐτὴν δύνσμιν κοινόν ἡ γὰρ αὐτὴ δύναμις ἐπʼ ἀμ- φοτέρων ἐστί, καὶ συσταλὲν μὲν τὸ η γίνεται ε, ἐκταθὲν δὲ τὸ ε γίνεται η. κατὰ δὲ τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον καὶ τὸ ο καὶ τὸ ω μία στοιχείου γενήσεται φύσις κοινή, ἐκτάσει καὶ συστολῇ διαφέρουσα, ἐπείπερ τὸ μὲν ω μακρόν ἐστιν [τὸ ] ο, τὸ δέ ο βραχύ ἐστιν ω.

English AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

There is also another argument according to which the vowel letters are held, on a different account, to be fewer than the seven proclaimed by grammarians. For if α, when lengthened and shortened, is according to them not two different letters but one common letter, and likewise ι and υ, it will follow that ε and η are also one letter, common in virtue of the same phonetic value. For the same value belongs to both: when η is shortened it becomes ε, and when ε is lengthened it becomes η. In the same way, ο and ω will be one common nature of a letter, differing by lengthening and shortening, since ω is long ο and ο is short ω.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11

Il existe encore un autre argument selon lequel les voyelles élémentaires seraient, d’une manière différente, moins nombreuses que les sept constamment invoquées par les grammairiens. Si, selon eux, α, qu’il soit allongé ou abrégé, n’est pas deux éléments mais un seul élément commun, et s’il en va de même pour ι et υ, il s’ensuivra que ε et η constituent eux aussi un seul élément commun possédant la même valeur. Car la même valeur se trouve dans les deux : η, abrégé, devient ε, tandis que ε, allongé, devient η. De la même manière, ο et ω formeront une seule nature commune d’élément, différant par allongement et abréviation, puisque ω est un ο long et ο un ω bref.

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