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Sextus Empiricus
Against the Professors, Books I-VI of Against the Learned Section 99
Section 99 of 757
Canonical reference 1.99
Ancient Greek
Hermann Mutschmann and Jürgen Mau, editors · adversus-grc
τεχνολογίαν ἄτεχνον ἀποδείξωμεν. τάξει δὲ λεκτέον ἡμῖν πρῶτον περὶ τῶν στοιχείων, ἐξ ὧν τὰ πάντα κατʼ αὐτοὺς συνέστηκεν καὶ ὧν ἀναιρεθέντων ἀγραμμά- τους ἀνάγκη γίνεσθαι τοὺς γραμματικούς. Καὶ δὴ τριχῶς λεγομένου τοῦ στοιχείου, τοῦ τε γρα- φομένου χαρακτῆρος καὶ τύπου καὶ τῆς τούτου δυνάμεως καὶ ἔτι τοῦ ὀνόματος, προαγέτω νῦν ἡ ζήτησις μάλιστα περὶ τῆς δυνάμεως· αὕτη γὰρ καὶ κυρίως στοιχεῖον παρʼ αὐτοῖς προσηγόρευται.
English AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
In due order, we must first speak about the letters, from which, according to them, everything is constituted, and whose abolition necessarily makes the grammarians illiterate. Now “letter” is said in three senses: the written character or form, its phonetic value, and also its name. Let the inquiry proceed at present chiefly concerning the phonetic value, since this is what they properly call the letter.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-11
est étrangère à tout art. Dans l’ordre, nous devons d’abord parler des lettres, à partir desquelles, selon eux, tout est constitué et dont la suppression rend nécessairement les grammairiens illettrés. Puisque le terme « élément » se dit en trois sens, le caractère ou la forme écrite, sa valeur, et enfin son nom, que l’enquête porte maintenant surtout sur la valeur. Car c’est elle qu’ils appellent proprement « élément ».
Concepts in this passage
Equipollence
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Knowledge
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Reason
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Suspension of judgment
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