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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 7
Section 123 of 882
Canonical reference 1.14.7
Ancient Greek
καὶ ὃ παρὰ τὰ ἄγραφα δίκαια· ἀμείνονος γὰρ μὴ διʼ ἀνάγκην δίκαιον εἶναι· τὰ μὲν οὖν γεγραμμένα ἐξ ἀνάγκης, τὰ δʼ ἄγραφα οὔ. ἄλλον δὲ τρόπον, εἰ παρὰ τὰ γεγραμμένα· ὁ γὰρ τὰ φοβερὰ ἀδικῶν καὶ τὰ ἐπιζήμια καὶ τὰ ἀζήμια ἀδικήσειεν ἄν. περὶ μὲν οὖν ἀδικήματος μείζονος καὶ ἐλάττονος εἴρηται.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
So too, again, when a man offends against the unwritten laws of right, for there is greater merit in doing right without being compelled ; now the written laws involve compulsion, the unwritten do not. Looked at in another way, wrongdoing is greater, if it violates the written laws; for a man who commits wrongs that alarm him and involve punishment, will be ready to commit wrong for which he will not be punished. Let this suffice for the treatment of the greater or less degree of wrongdoing.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Il en va de même, encore, lorsqu'un homme transgresse les lois non écrites du juste, car il y a plus de mérite à agir justement sans y être contraint ; or les lois écrites comportent une contrainte, les lois non écrites n'en comportent pas. Considérée d'une autre manière, l'injustice est plus grave si elle viole les lois écrites, car l'homme qui commet des injustices qui lui inspirent de la crainte et entraînent une peine sera prêt à commettre celles pour lesquelles il ne sera pas puni. Que cela suffise pour traiter du degré plus ou moins grand de l'injustice.