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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 5
Section 342 of 882
Canonical reference 2.1.5
Ancient Greek
τοῦ μὲν οὖν αὐτοὺς εἶναι πιστοὺς τοὺς λέγοντας τρία ἐστὶ τὰ αἴτια· τοσαῦτα γάρ ἐστι διʼ ἃ πιστεύομεν ἔξω τῶν ἀποδείξεων. ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα φρόνησις καὶ ἀρετὴ καὶ εὔνοια· διαψεύδονται γὰρ περὶ ὧν λέγουσιν ἢ συμβουλεύουσιν ἢ διʼ ἅπαντα ταῦτα ἢ διὰ τούτων τι·
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
For the orator to produce conviction three qualities are necessary; for, independently of demonstrations, the things which induce belief are three in number. These qualities are good sense, virtue, and goodwill; for speakers are wrong both in what they say and in the advice they give, because they lack either all three or one of them.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Trois qualités sont nécessaires à l’orateur pour produire la conviction, car, indépendamment des démonstrations, les causes qui inspirent la croyance sont au nombre de trois. Ces qualités sont le bon sens, la vertu et la bienveillance. En effet, si les orateurs se trompent dans ce qu’ils disent comme dans les conseils qu’ils donnent, c’est parce que les trois leur manquent ou que l’une d’elles leur fait défaut.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Fear
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Justice
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Necessity
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Virtue
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