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Aristotle

Rhetoric Section 22

Section 433 of 882

Canonical reference 2.19.22

Ancient Greek

ἔστι δὲ τούτων ἁπάντων τὰ μὲν ἐξ ἀνάγκης τὰ δʼ ὡς ἐπὶ τὸ πολὺ οὕτως ἔχοντα. περὶ δὲ τοῦ μὴ γεγονέναι φανερὸν ὅτι ἐκ τῶν ἐναντίων τοῖς εἰρημένοις.

English

J. H. Freese, 1926

Of all these things some are so related necessarily, others only as a general rule. To establish that a thing has not happened, it is evident that our argument must be derived from the opposite of what has been said.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Parmi toutes ces choses, certaines sont liées nécessairement, d’autres seulement en règle générale. Pour établir qu’une chose ne s’est pas produite, il est évident que notre argument doit être tiré du contraire de ce qui a été dit.

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