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Aristotle

Rhetoric Section 16

Section 631 of 882

Canonical reference 2.5.16

Ancient Greek

ἐπεὶ δὲ περὶ φόβου φανερὸν τί ἐστιν, καὶ τῶν φοβερῶν, καὶ ὡς ἕκαστοι ἔχοντες δεδίασι, φανερὸν ἐκ τούτων καὶ τὸ θαρρεῖν τί ἐστι, καὶ περὶ ποῖα θαρραλέοι εἰσὶ καὶ πῶς διακείμενοι θαρραλέοι εἰσίν· τό τε γὰρ θάρσος τὸ ἐναντίον τῷ φόβῳ, καὶ τὸ θαρραλέον τῷ φοβερῷ, ὥστε μετὰ φαντασίας ἡ ἐλπὶς τῶν σωτηρίων ὡς ἐγγὺς ὄντων, τῶν δὲ φοβερῶν ὡς ἢ μὴ ὄντων ἢ πόρρω ὄντων.

English

J. H. Freese, 1926

Now, since we have made clear what fear and fearful things are, and the frame of mind in each case which makes men fear, one can see from this what confidence is, what are the things that give it, and the frame of mind of those who possess it; for confidence is the contrary of fear and that which gives confidence of that which causes fear, so that the hope of what is salutary is accompanied by an impression that it is quite near at hand, while the things to be feared are either non-existent or far off.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Maintenant que nous avons établi clairement ce que sont la crainte et les choses redoutables, ainsi que la disposition d’esprit qui, dans chaque cas, fait éprouver de la crainte aux hommes, on peut voir par là ce qu’est la confiance, quelles choses l’inspirent et quelle est la disposition d’esprit de ceux qui la possèdent. Car la confiance est le contraire de la crainte, et ce qui inspire confiance est le contraire de ce qui cause la crainte. Ainsi, l’espoir de ce qui peut nous sauver s’accompagne de la représentation que cela est tout proche, tandis que les choses à craindre sont inexistantes ou éloignées.

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