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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 5
Section 748 of 882
Canonical reference 3.12.5
Ancient Greek
ἡ μὲν οὖνδημηγορικὴ λέξις καὶ παντελῶς ἔοικεν τῇ σκιαγραφίᾳ· ὅσῳ γὰρ ἂν πλείων ᾖ ὁ ὄχλος, πορρώτερον ἡ θέα, διὸ τὰ ἀκριβῆ περίεργα καὶ χείρω φαίνεται ἐν ἀμφοτέροις· ἡ δὲ δικανικὴ ἀκριβεστέρα. ἔτι δὲ μᾶλλον ἡ ἐν ἑνὶ κριτῇ· ἐλάχιστον γὰρ ἔνεστι ῥητορικῆς· εὐσύνοπτον γὰρ μᾶλλον τὸ οἰκεῖον τοῦ πράγματος καὶ τὸ ἀλλότριον, καὶ ὁ ἀγὼν ἄπεστιν, ὥστε καθαρὰ ἡ κρίσις. διὸ οὐχ οἱ αὐτοὶ ἐν πᾶσιν τούτοις εὐδοκιμοῦσιν ῥήτορες· ἀλλʼ ὅπου μάλιστα ὑπόκρισις, ἐνταῦθα ἥκιστα ἀκρίβεια ἔνι. τοῦτο δὲ ὅπου φωνῆς, καὶ μάλιστα ὅπου μεγάλης. ἡ μὲν οὖν ἐπιδεικτικὴ λέξις γραφικωτάτη· τὸ γὰρ ἔργον αὐτῆς ἀνάγνωσις·
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
The deliberative style is exactly like a rough sketch, for the greater the crowd, the further off is the point of view; wherefore in both too much refinement is a superfluity and even a disadvantage. But the forensic style is more finished, and more so before a single judge, because there is least opportunity of employing rhetorical devices, since the mind more readily takes in at a glance what belongs to the subject and what is foreign to it; there is no discussion, so the judgement is clear. This is why the same orators do not excel in all these styles; where action is most effective, there the style is least finished, and this is a case in which voice, especially a loud one, is needed. The epideictic style is especially suited to written compositions, for its function is reading;
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Le style délibératif ressemble exactement à une esquisse sommaire, car plus la foule est nombreuse, plus le point de vue est éloigné ; c’est pourquoi, dans les deux cas, un raffinement excessif est superflu et même nuisible. Mais le style judiciaire est plus achevé, et davantage encore devant un juge unique, parce qu’il y a alors le moins de possibilités d’employer des procédés rhétoriques, l’esprit saisissant plus aisément d’un coup d’œil ce qui appartient au sujet et ce qui lui est étranger. Il n’y a pas de discussion, de sorte que le jugement est clair. Voilà pourquoi les mêmes orateurs n’excellent pas dans tous ces styles. Là où l’action est la plus efficace, le style est le moins achevé, et c’est alors que la voix, surtout une voix forte, est nécessaire. Le style épidictique convient particulièrement aux compositions écrites, car sa fonction est la lecture ;
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Care of the soul
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Fear
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Intelligible forms
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Judgment
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Justice
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Messiah
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Sin
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