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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 8
Section 765 of 882
Canonical reference 3.14.8
Ancient Greek
δεῖ δὲ μὴ λανθάνειν ὅτι πάντα ἔξω τοῦ λόγου τὰ τοιαῦτα· πρὸς φαῦλον γὰρ ἀκροατὴν καὶ τὰ ἔξω τοῦ πράγματος ἀκούοντα· ἐπεὶ ἂν μὴ τοιοῦτος ᾖ, οὐθὲν δεῖ προοιμίου, ἀλλʼ ἢ ὅσον τὸ πρᾶγμα εἰπεῖν κεφαλαιωδῶς, ἵνα ἔχῃ ὥσπερ σῶμα κεφαλήν.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
But we must not lose sight of the fact that all such things are outside the question, for they are only addressed to a hearer whose judgement is poor and who is ready to listen to what is beside the case; for if he is not a man of this kind, there is no need of an exordium, except just to make a summary statement of the subject, so that, like a body, it may have a head.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Mais il ne faut pas perdre de vue que toutes ces choses sont étrangères à la question, car elles ne s'adressent qu'à un auditeur dont le jugement est mauvais et qui est prêt à écouter ce qui est hors de la cause. S'il n'est pas de cette sorte, nul besoin d'exorde, sinon simplement pour présenter sommairement le sujet, afin que, tel un corps, il ait une tête.
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Fear
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Judgment
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Justice
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Poverty and wealth
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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