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Aristotle

Rhetoric Section 2

Section 769 of 882

Canonical reference 3.15.2

Ancient Greek

ἄλλος τόπος ὥστε πρὸς τὰ ἀμφισβητούμενα ἀπαντᾶν, ἢ ὡς οὐκ ἔστιν, ἢ ὡς οὐ βλαβερὸν ἢ οὐ τούτῳ, ἢ ὡς οὐ τηλικοῦτον, ἢ οὐκ ἄδικον ἢ οὐ μέγα, ἢ οὐκ αἰσχρὸν ἢ οὐκ ἔχον μέγεθος· περὶ γὰρ τοιούτων ἡ ἀμφισβήτησις, ὥσπερ Ἰφικράτης πρὸς Ναυσικράτην· ἔφη γὰρ ποιῆσαι ὃ ἔλεγεν καὶ βλάψαι, ἀλλʼ οὐκ ἀδικεῖν. ἢ ἀντικαταλλάττεσθαι ἀδικοῦντα, εἰ βλαβερόν, ἀλλʼ οὖν καλόν, εἰ λυπηρόν, ἀλλʼ ὠφέλιμον, ἤ τι ἄλλο τοιοῦτον.

English

J. H. Freese, 1926

Another way consists in contesting the disputed points, either by denying the fact or its harmfulness, at least to the plaintiff; or by asserting that its importance is exaggerated; or that it is not unjust at all, or only slightly so; or neither disgraceful nor important. These are the possible points of dispute: as Iphicrates, in answer to Nausicrates, admitted that he had done what the prosecutor alleged and inflicted damage, but denied that he had been guilty of wrongdoing. Again, one may strike the balance, when guilty of wrongdoing, by maintaining that although the action was injurious it was honorable, painful but useful, or anything else of the kind.

French AI-generated translation, non-official

Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13

Une autre manière consiste à contester les points litigieux, soit en niant le fait ou son caractère dommageable, du moins pour le plaignant, soit en affirmant qu'on en exagère l'importance, que l'acte n'est nullement injuste ou ne l'est que légèrement, ou qu'il n'est ni honteux ni important. Tels sont les points de contestation possibles. Ainsi Iphicrate, répondant à Nausicrate, reconnut avoir fait ce qu'alléguait l'accusateur et avoir causé un dommage, mais nia s'être rendu coupable d'une injustice. On peut encore, lorsqu'on a commis une injustice, rétablir l'équilibre en soutenant que l'action, quoique nuisible, était honorable, ou pénible mais utile, ou quelque autre chose de ce genre.

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