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Aristotle
Rhetoric Section 3
Section 770 of 882
Canonical reference 3.15.3
Ancient Greek
ἄλλος τόπος ὡς ἐστὶν ἁμάρτημα ἢ ἀτύχημα ἢ ἀναγκαῖον, οἷον Σοφοκλῆς ἔφη τρέμειν οὐχ ὡς ὁ διαβάλλων ἔφη, ἵνα δοκῇ γέρων, ἀλλʼ ἐξ ἀνάγκης· οὐ γὰρ ἑκόντι εἶναι αὑτῷ ἔτη ὀγδοήκοντα. καὶ ἀντικαταλλάττεσθαι τὸ οὗ ἕνεκα, ὅτι οὐ βλάψαι ἐβούλετο ἀλλὰ τόδε, καὶ οὐ τοῦτο ὃ διεβάλλετο ποιῆσαι, συνέβη δὲ βλαβῆναι· δίκαιον δὲ μισεῖν, εἰ ὅπως τοῦτο γένηται ἐποίουν.
English
J. H. Freese, 1926
Another method consists in saying that it was a case of error, misfortune, or necessity; as, for example, Sophocles said that he trembled, not, as the accuser said, in order to appear old, but from necessity, for it was against his wish that he was eighty years of age. One may also substitute one motive for another, and say that one did not mean to injure but to do something else, not that of which one was accused, and that the wrongdoing was accidental: I should deserve your hatred, had I acted so as to bring this about.
French AI-generated translation, non-official
Codex gpt-5.6-sol · Non-official working translation · 2026-09-13
Une autre méthode consiste à dire qu'il s'est agi d'une erreur, d'un malheur ou d'une nécessité. Ainsi, Sophocle affirmait qu'il tremblait non pas, comme le disait son accusateur, pour paraître vieux, mais par nécessité, car ce n'était pas de son plein gré qu'il avait quatre-vingts ans. On peut aussi substituer un motif à un autre et dire que l'on n'entendait pas nuire, mais faire autre chose que ce dont on est accusé, et que l'injustice fut accidentelle : « Je mériterais votre haine si j'avais agi dans le dessein de produire ce résultat. »
Concepts in this passage
Anger
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Fear
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Fortune
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Justice
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Necessity
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Philosophical eros
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Reason
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Rhetoric
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Service
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Wisdom
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